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65b9eeb39a
Commit 4b3d0c6600 has removed them, but
did not remove few traces in documentation and help. Remove them from
remaining places.
225 lines
7.5 KiB
ReStructuredText
225 lines
7.5 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. Copyright (C) Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
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..
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.. SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
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..
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.. This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
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.. License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
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.. file, you can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
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..
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.. See the COPYRIGHT file distributed with this work for additional
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.. information regarding copyright ownership.
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.. highlight: console
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.. iscman:: named
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.. program:: named
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.. _man_named:
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named - Internet domain name server
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-----------------------------------
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Synopsis
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~~~~~~~~
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:program:`named` [ [**-4**] | [**-6**] ] [**-c** config-file] [**-C**] [**-d** debug-level] [**-D** string] [**-f**] [**-g**] [**-L** logfile] [**-M** option] [**-m** flag] [**-n** #cpus] [**-p** port] [**-s**] [**-t** directory] [**-u** user] [**-v**] [**-V**] ]
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Description
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~~~~~~~~~~~
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:program:`named` is a Domain Name System (DNS) server, part of the BIND 9
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distribution from ISC. For more information on the DNS, see :rfc:`1033`,
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:rfc:`1034`, and :rfc:`1035`.
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When invoked without arguments, :program:`named` reads the default
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configuration file |named_conf|, reads any initial data, and
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listens for queries.
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Options
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~~~~~~~
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.. option:: -4
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This option tells :program:`named` to use only IPv4, even if the host machine is capable of IPv6. :option:`-4` and
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:option:`-6` are mutually exclusive.
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.. option:: -6
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This option tells :program:`named` to use only IPv6, even if the host machine is capable of IPv4. :option:`-4` and
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:option:`-6` are mutually exclusive.
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.. option:: -c config-file
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This option tells :program:`named` to use ``config-file`` as its configuration file instead of the default,
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|named_conf|. To ensure that the configuration file
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can be reloaded after the server has changed its working directory
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due to to a possible ``directory`` option in the configuration file,
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``config-file`` should be an absolute pathname.
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.. option:: -C
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This option prints out the default built-in configuration and exits.
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NOTE: This is for debugging purposes only and is not an
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accurate representation of the actual configuration used by :iscman:`named`
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at runtime.
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.. option:: -d debug-level
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This option sets the daemon's debug level to ``debug-level``. Debugging traces from
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:program:`named` become more verbose as the debug level increases.
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.. option:: -D string
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This option specifies a string that is used to identify a instance of :program:`named`
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in a process listing. The contents of ``string`` are not examined.
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.. option:: -f
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This option runs the server in the foreground (i.e., do not daemonize).
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.. option:: -F
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This options turns on FIPS (US Federal Information Processing Standards)
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mode if the underlying crytographic library supports running in FIPS
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mode.
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.. option:: -g
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This option runs the server in the foreground and forces all logging to ``stderr``.
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.. option:: -L logfile
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This option sets the log to the file ``logfile`` by default, instead of the system log.
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.. option:: -M option
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This option sets the default (comma-separated) memory context
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options. The possible flags are:
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- ``fill``: fill blocks of memory with tag values when they are
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allocated or freed, to assist debugging of memory problems; this is
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the implicit default if :program:`named` has been compiled with
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``--enable-developer``.
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- ``nofill``: disable the behavior enabled by ``fill``; this is the
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implicit default unless :program:`named` has been compiled with
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``--enable-developer``.
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.. option:: -m flag
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This option turns on memory usage debugging flags. Possible flags are ``usage``,
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``trace`` and ``record``. These correspond to the
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``ISC_MEM_DEBUGXXXX`` flags described in ``<isc/mem.h>``.
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.. option:: -n #cpus
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This option creates ``#cpus`` worker threads to take advantage of multiple CPUs. If
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not specified, :program:`named` tries to determine the number of CPUs
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present and creates one thread per CPU. If it is unable to determine
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the number of CPUs, a single worker thread is created.
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.. option:: -p value
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This option specifies the port(s) on which the server will listen
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for queries. If ``value`` is of the form ``<portnum>`` or
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``dns=<portnum>``, the server will listen for DNS queries on
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``portnum``; if not not specified, the default is port 53. If
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``value`` is of the form ``tls=<portnum>``, the server will
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listen for TLS queries on ``portnum``; the default is 853.
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If ``value`` is of the form ``https=<portnum>``, the server will
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listen for HTTPS queries on ``portnum``; the default is 443.
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If ``value`` is of the form ``http=<portnum>``, the server will
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listen for HTTP queries on ``portnum``; the default is 80.
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.. option:: -s
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This option writes memory usage statistics to ``stdout`` on exit.
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.. note::
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This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers and may be
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removed or changed in a future release.
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.. option:: -t directory
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This option tells :program:`named` to chroot to ``directory`` after processing the command-line arguments, but
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before reading the configuration file.
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.. warning::
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This option should be used in conjunction with the :option:`-u` option,
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as chrooting a process running as root doesn't enhance security on
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most systems; the way ``chroot`` is defined allows a process
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with root privileges to escape a chroot jail.
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.. option:: -U #listeners
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This option has been removed. Attempts to use it now result in a warning.
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.. option:: -u user
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This option sets the setuid to ``user`` after completing privileged operations, such as
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creating sockets that listen on privileged ports.
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.. note::
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On Linux, :program:`named` uses the kernel's capability mechanism to drop
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all root privileges except the ability to ``bind`` to a
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privileged port and set process resource limits. Unfortunately,
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this means that the :option:`-u` option only works when :program:`named` is run
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on kernel 2.2.18 or later, or kernel 2.3.99-pre3 or later, since
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previous kernels did not allow privileges to be retained after
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``setuid``.
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.. option:: -v
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This option reports the version number and exits.
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.. option:: -V
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This option reports the version number, build options, supported
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cryptographics algorithms, and exits.
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.. option:: -X lock-file
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This option has been removed and using it will cause a fatal error.
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Signals
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~~~~~~~
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In routine operation, signals should not be used to control the
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nameserver; :iscman:`rndc` should be used instead.
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SIGHUP
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This signal forces a reload of the server.
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SIGINT, SIGTERM
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These signals shut down the server.
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The result of sending any other signals to the server is undefined.
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Configuration
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The :program:`named` configuration file is too complex to describe in detail
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here. A complete description is provided in the BIND 9 Administrator
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Reference Manual.
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:program:`named` inherits the ``umask`` (file creation mode mask) from the
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parent process. If files created by :program:`named`, such as journal files,
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need to have custom permissions, the ``umask`` should be set explicitly
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in the script used to start the :program:`named` process.
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Files
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~~~~~
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|named_conf|
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The default configuration file.
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|named_pid|
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The default process-id file.
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See Also
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~~~~~~~~
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:rfc:`1033`, :rfc:`1034`, :rfc:`1035`, :iscman:`named-checkconf(8) <named-checkconf>`, :iscman:`named-checkzone(8) <named-checkzone>`, :iscman:`rndc(8) <rndc>`, :iscman:`named.conf(5) <named.conf>`, BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual.
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