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630 lines
No EOL
8.5 KiB
HTML
630 lines
No EOL
8.5 KiB
HTML
<!--
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- Copyright (C) 2000, 2001 Internet Software Consortium.
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-
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- Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
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- purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
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- copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
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-
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- THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND INTERNET SOFTWARE CONSORTIUM
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- DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL
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- IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL
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- INTERNET SOFTWARE CONSORTIUM BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
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- INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING
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- FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
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- NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
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- WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
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-->
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<HTML
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><HEAD
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><TITLE
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>named</TITLE
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><META
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NAME="GENERATOR"
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CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.61
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"></HEAD
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><BODY
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CLASS="REFENTRY"
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BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
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TEXT="#000000"
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LINK="#0000FF"
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VLINK="#840084"
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ALINK="#0000FF"
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><H1
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><A
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NAME="AEN1"
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><SPAN
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CLASS="APPLICATION"
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>named</SPAN
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></A
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></H1
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><DIV
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CLASS="REFNAMEDIV"
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><A
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NAME="AEN9"
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></A
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><H2
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>Name</H2
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><SPAN
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CLASS="APPLICATION"
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>named</SPAN
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> -- Internet domain name server</DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="REFSYNOPSISDIV"
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><A
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NAME="AEN13"
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></A
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><H2
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>Synopsis</H2
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><P
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><B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>named</B
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> [<TT
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CLASS="OPTION"
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>-c <TT
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CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
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><I
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>config-file</I
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></TT
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></TT
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>] [<TT
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CLASS="OPTION"
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>-d <TT
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CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
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><I
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>debug-level</I
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></TT
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></TT
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>] [<TT
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CLASS="OPTION"
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>-f</TT
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>] [<TT
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CLASS="OPTION"
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>-g</TT
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>] [<TT
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CLASS="OPTION"
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>-n <TT
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CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
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><I
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>#cpus</I
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></TT
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></TT
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>] [<TT
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CLASS="OPTION"
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>-p <TT
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CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
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><I
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>port</I
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></TT
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></TT
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>] [<TT
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CLASS="OPTION"
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>-s</TT
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>] [<TT
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CLASS="OPTION"
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>-t <TT
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CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
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><I
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>directory</I
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></TT
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></TT
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>] [<TT
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CLASS="OPTION"
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>-u <TT
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CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
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><I
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>user</I
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></TT
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></TT
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>] [<TT
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CLASS="OPTION"
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>-v</TT
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>] [<TT
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CLASS="OPTION"
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>-x <TT
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CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
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><I
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>cache-file</I
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></TT
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></TT
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>]</P
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="REFSECT1"
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><A
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NAME="AEN45"
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></A
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><H2
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>DESCRIPTION</H2
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><P
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> <B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>named</B
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> is a Domain Name System (DNS) server,
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part of the BIND 9 distribution from ISC. For more
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information on the DNS, see RFCs 1033, 1034, and 1035.
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</P
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><P
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> When invoked without arguments, <B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>named</B
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> will
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read the default configuration file
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<TT
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CLASS="FILENAME"
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>/etc/named.conf</TT
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>, read any initial
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data, and listen for queries.
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</P
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="REFSECT1"
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><A
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NAME="AEN52"
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></A
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><H2
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>OPTIONS</H2
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><P
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></P
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><DIV
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CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
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><DL
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><DT
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>-c <TT
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CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
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><I
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>config-file</I
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></TT
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></DT
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><DD
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><P
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> Use <TT
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CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
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><I
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>config-file</I
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></TT
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> as the
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configuration file instead of the default,
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<TT
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CLASS="FILENAME"
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>/etc/named.conf</TT
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>. To
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ensure that reloading the configuration file continues
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to work after the server has changed its working
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directory due to to a possible
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<TT
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CLASS="OPTION"
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>directory</TT
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> option in the configuration
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file, <TT
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CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
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><I
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>config-file</I
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></TT
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> should be
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an absolute pathname.
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</P
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></DD
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><DT
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>-d <TT
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CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
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><I
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>debug-level</I
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></TT
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></DT
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><DD
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><P
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> Set the daemon's debug level to <TT
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CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
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><I
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|
>debug-level</I
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></TT
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>.
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|
Debugging traces from <B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>named</B
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> become
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more verbose as the debug level increases.
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</P
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></DD
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><DT
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>-f</DT
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><DD
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><P
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> Run the server in the foreground (i.e. do not daemonize).
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</P
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></DD
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><DT
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>-g</DT
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><DD
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><P
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> Run the server in the foreground and force all logging
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to <TT
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CLASS="FILENAME"
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>stderr</TT
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>.
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</P
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></DD
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><DT
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>-n <TT
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CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
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><I
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>#cpus</I
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></TT
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></DT
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><DD
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><P
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> Create <TT
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CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
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><I
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>#cpus</I
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></TT
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> worker threads
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to take advantage of multiple CPUs. If not specified,
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<B
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|
CLASS="COMMAND"
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>named</B
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> will try to determine the
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number of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU.
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If it is unable to determine the number of CPUs, a
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single worker thread will be created.
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</P
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></DD
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><DT
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>-p <TT
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CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
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><I
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>port</I
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></TT
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></DT
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><DD
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><P
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> Listen for queries on port <TT
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CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
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><I
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>port</I
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></TT
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>. If not
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specified, the default is port 53.
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</P
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></DD
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><DT
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>-s</DT
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><DD
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><P
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> Write memory usage statistics to <TT
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CLASS="FILENAME"
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>stdout</TT
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> on exit.
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</P
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><DIV
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CLASS="NOTE"
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|
><BLOCKQUOTE
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|
CLASS="NOTE"
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><P
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><B
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|
>Note: </B
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|
> This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers
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and may be removed or changed in a future release.
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</P
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></BLOCKQUOTE
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></DIV
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></DD
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><DT
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>-t <TT
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CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
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><I
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>directory</I
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></TT
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></DT
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><DD
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><P
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> <TT
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CLASS="FUNCTION"
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|
>chroot()</TT
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> to <TT
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CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
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><I
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|
>directory</I
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></TT
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> after
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processing the command line arguments, but before
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reading the configuration file.
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</P
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><DIV
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CLASS="WARNING"
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><P
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></P
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><TABLE
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|
CLASS="WARNING"
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BORDER="1"
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WIDTH="90%"
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="CENTER"
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><B
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|
>Warning</B
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></TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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|
ALIGN="LEFT"
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><P
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|
> This option should be used in conjunction with the
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<TT
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|
CLASS="OPTION"
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>-u</TT
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> option, as chrooting a process
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running as root doesn't enhance security on most
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systems; the way <TT
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CLASS="FUNCTION"
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>chroot()</TT
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> is
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defined allows a process with root privileges to
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escape a chroot jail.
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</P
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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></DIV
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></DD
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><DT
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>-u <TT
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CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
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><I
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>user</I
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></TT
|
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></DT
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><DD
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><P
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|
> <TT
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CLASS="FUNCTION"
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>setuid()</TT
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> to <TT
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CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
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><I
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>user</I
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></TT
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> after completing
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privileged operations, such as creating sockets that
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listen on privileged ports.
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</P
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><DIV
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|
CLASS="NOTE"
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><BLOCKQUOTE
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CLASS="NOTE"
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><P
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><B
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|
>Note: </B
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> On Linux, <B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>named</B
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> uses the kernel's
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capability mechanism to drop all root privileges
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except the ability to <TT
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CLASS="FUNCTION"
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>bind()</TT
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> to a
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privileged port and set process resource limits.
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Unfortunately, this means that the <TT
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CLASS="OPTION"
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>-u</TT
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>
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option only works when <B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>named</B
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> is run
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on kernel 2.2.18 or later, or kernel 2.3.99-pre3 or
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later, since previous kernels did not allow privileges
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to be retained after <TT
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CLASS="FUNCTION"
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>setuid()</TT
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>.
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</P
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></BLOCKQUOTE
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></DIV
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></DD
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><DT
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>-v</DT
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><DD
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><P
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> Report the version number and exit.
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</P
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></DD
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><DT
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>-x <TT
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CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
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><I
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>cache-file</I
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></TT
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></DT
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><DD
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><P
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|
> Load data from <TT
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CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
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><I
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>cache-file</I
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></TT
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> into the
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cache of the default view.
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</P
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><DIV
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|
CLASS="WARNING"
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><P
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></P
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><TABLE
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CLASS="WARNING"
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BORDER="1"
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WIDTH="90%"
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="CENTER"
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><B
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|
>Warning</B
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></TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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><P
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> This option must not be used. It is only of interest
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to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a
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future release.
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</P
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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></DIV
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></DD
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></DL
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></DIV
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></DIV
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><DIV
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|
CLASS="REFSECT1"
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><A
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|
NAME="AEN137"
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></A
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|
><H2
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|
>SIGNALS</H2
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|
><P
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|
> In routine operation, signals should not be used to control
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the nameserver; <B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>rndc</B
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> should be used
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instead.
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</P
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><P
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></P
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><DIV
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CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
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><DL
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><DT
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>SIGHUP</DT
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><DD
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><P
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|
> Force a reload of the server.
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</P
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|
></DD
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|
><DT
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|
>SIGINT, SIGTERM</DT
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><DD
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><P
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> Shut down the server.
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</P
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></DD
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></DL
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></DIV
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><P
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|
> The result of sending any other signals to the server is undefined.
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</P
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></DIV
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><DIV
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|
CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|
><A
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|
NAME="AEN151"
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></A
|
|
><H2
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|
>CONFIGURATION</H2
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|
><P
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|
> The <B
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|
CLASS="COMMAND"
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>named</B
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> configuration file is too complex
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to describe in detail here. A complete description is
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provided in the <I
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|
CLASS="CITETITLE"
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|
>BIND 9 Administrator Reference
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Manual</I
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>.
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</P
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|
></DIV
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|
><DIV
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|
CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|
><A
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|
NAME="AEN156"
|
|
></A
|
|
><H2
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|
>FILES</H2
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|
><P
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|
></P
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
|
|
><DL
|
|
><DT
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|
><TT
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|
CLASS="FILENAME"
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|
>/etc/named.conf</TT
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|
></DT
|
|
><DD
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|
><P
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|
> The default configuration file.
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</P
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|
></DD
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|
><DT
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><TT
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CLASS="FILENAME"
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>/var/run/named.pid</TT
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|
></DT
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|
><DD
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|
><P
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|
> The default process-id file.
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|
</P
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|
></DD
|
|
></DL
|
|
></DIV
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="AEN169"
|
|
></A
|
|
><H2
|
|
>SEE ALSO</H2
|
|
><P
|
|
> <I
|
|
CLASS="CITETITLE"
|
|
>RFC 1033</I
|
|
>,
|
|
<I
|
|
CLASS="CITETITLE"
|
|
>RFC 1034</I
|
|
>,
|
|
<I
|
|
CLASS="CITETITLE"
|
|
>RFC 1035</I
|
|
>,
|
|
<SPAN
|
|
CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
|
|
><SPAN
|
|
CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
|
|
>rndc</SPAN
|
|
>(8)</SPAN
|
|
>,
|
|
<SPAN
|
|
CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
|
|
><SPAN
|
|
CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
|
|
>lwresd</SPAN
|
|
>(8)</SPAN
|
|
>,
|
|
<I
|
|
CLASS="CITETITLE"
|
|
>BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</I
|
|
>.
|
|
</P
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="AEN182"
|
|
></A
|
|
><H2
|
|
>AUTHOR</H2
|
|
><P
|
|
> Internet Software Consortium
|
|
</P
|
|
></DIV
|
|
></BODY
|
|
></HTML
|
|
> |