mirror of
https://github.com/borgbackup/borg.git
synced 2026-03-30 06:14:47 -04:00
d7bbcfb98b
This adds a runtime warning when running under MSYS2/Git Bash without the necessary environment variables to disable automatic path translation. The documentation is also updated to explain this behavior and how to mitigate it.
503 lines
19 KiB
ReStructuredText
503 lines
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ReStructuredText
.. include:: global.rst.inc
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.. highlight:: bash
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.. _installation:
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Installation
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============
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There are different ways to install Borg:
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- :ref:`distribution-package` - easy and fast if a package is
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available from your distribution.
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- :ref:`pyinstaller-binary` - easy and fast, we provide a ready-to-use binary file
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that comes bundled with all dependencies.
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- :ref:`source-install`, either:
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- :ref:`windows-binary` - builds a binary file for Windows using MSYS2.
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- :ref:`pip-installation` - installing a source package with pip needs
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more installation steps and requires all dependencies with
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development headers and a compiler.
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- :ref:`git-installation` - for developers and power users who want to
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have the latest code or use revision control (each release is
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tagged).
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.. _distribution-package:
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Distribution Package
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--------------------
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Some distributions might offer a ready-to-use ``borgbackup``
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package which can be installed with the package manager.
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.. important:: Those packages may not be up to date with the latest
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Borg releases. Before submitting a bug
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report, check the package version and compare that to
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our latest release then review :doc:`changes` to see if
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the bug has been fixed. Report bugs to the package
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maintainer rather than directly to Borg if the
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package is out of date in the distribution.
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.. keep this list in alphabetical order
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============ ============================================= =======
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Distribution Source Command
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============ ============================================= =======
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Alpine Linux `Alpine repository`_ ``apk add borgbackup``
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Arch Linux `[extra]`_ ``pacman -S borg``
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Debian `Debian packages`_ ``apt install borgbackup``
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Gentoo `ebuild`_ ``emerge borgbackup``
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GNU Guix `GNU Guix`_ ``guix package --install borg``
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Fedora/RHEL `Fedora official repository`_ ``dnf install borgbackup``
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FreeBSD `FreeBSD ports`_ ``cd /usr/ports/archivers/py-borgbackup && make install clean``
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macOS `Homebrew`_ | ``brew install borgbackup`` (official formula, **no** FUSE support)
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| **or**
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| ``brew install --cask macfuse`` (`private Tap`_, FUSE support)
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| ``brew install borgbackup/tap/borgbackup-fuse``
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Mageia `cauldron`_ ``urpmi borgbackup``
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NetBSD `pkgsrc`_ ``pkg_add py-borgbackup``
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NixOS `.nix file`_ ``nix-env -i borgbackup``
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OpenBSD `OpenBSD ports`_ ``pkg_add borgbackup``
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OpenIndiana `OpenIndiana hipster repository`_ ``pkg install borg``
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openSUSE `openSUSE official repository`_ ``zypper in borgbackup``
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Raspbian `Raspbian testing`_ ``apt install borgbackup``
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Ubuntu `Ubuntu packages`_, `Ubuntu PPA`_ ``apt install borgbackup``
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============ ============================================= =======
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.. _Alpine repository: https://pkgs.alpinelinux.org/packages?name=borgbackup
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.. _[extra]: https://www.archlinux.org/packages/?name=borg
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.. _Debian packages: https://packages.debian.org/search?keywords=borgbackup&searchon=names&exact=1&suite=all§ion=all
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.. _Fedora official repository: https://packages.fedoraproject.org/pkgs/borgbackup/borgbackup/
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.. _FreeBSD ports: https://www.freshports.org/archivers/py-borgbackup/
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.. _ebuild: https://packages.gentoo.org/packages/app-backup/borgbackup
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.. _GNU Guix: https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/package-list.html#borg
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.. _pkgsrc: https://pkgsrc.se/sysutils/py-borgbackup
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.. _cauldron: https://madb.mageia.org/package/show/application/0/release/cauldron/name/borgbackup
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.. _.nix file: https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/tools/backup/borgbackup/default.nix
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.. _OpenBSD ports: https://cvsweb.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb/ports/sysutils/borgbackup/
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.. _OpenIndiana hipster repository: https://pkg.openindiana.org/hipster/en/search.shtml?token=borg&action=Search
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.. _openSUSE official repository: https://software.opensuse.org/package/borgbackup
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.. _Homebrew: https://formulae.brew.sh/formula/borgbackup
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.. _private Tap: https://github.com/borgbackup/homebrew-tap
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.. _Raspbian testing: https://archive.raspbian.org/raspbian/pool/main/b/borgbackup/
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.. _Ubuntu packages: https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/borgbackup
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.. _Ubuntu PPA: https://launchpad.net/~costamagnagianfranco/+archive/ubuntu/borgbackup
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Please ask package maintainers to build a package or, if you can package/
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submit it yourself, please help us with that! See :issue:`105` on
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GitHub to follow up on packaging efforts.
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**Current status of package in the repositories**
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.. start-badges
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|Packaging status|
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.. |Packaging status| image:: https://repology.org/badge/vertical-allrepos/borgbackup.svg
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:alt: Packaging status
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:target: https://repology.org/project/borgbackup/versions
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.. end-badges
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.. _pyinstaller-binary:
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Standalone Binary
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-----------------
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.. note:: Releases are signed with an OpenPGP key, see
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:ref:`security-contact` for more instructions.
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Borg x86/x64 AMD/Intel compatible binaries (generated with `pyinstaller`_)
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are available on the releases_ page for the following platforms:
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* **Linux**: glibc >= 2.28 (ok for most supported Linux releases).
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Older glibc releases are untested and may not work.
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* **macOS**: 10.12 or newer (To avoid signing issues, download the file via
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command line **or** remove the ``quarantine`` attribute after downloading:
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``$ xattr -dr com.apple.quarantine borg-macosx64.tgz``)
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* **FreeBSD**: 12.1 (unknown whether it works for older releases)
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ARM binaries are built by Johann Bauer, see: https://borg.bauerj.eu/
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To install such a binary, just drop it into a directory in your ``PATH``,
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make borg readable and executable for its users and then you can run ``borg``::
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sudo cp borg-linux64 /usr/local/bin/borg
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sudo chown root:root /usr/local/bin/borg
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sudo chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/borg
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Optionally you can create a symlink to have ``borgfs`` available, which is an
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alias for ``borg mount``::
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ln -s /usr/local/bin/borg /usr/local/bin/borgfs
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Note that the binary uses /tmp to unpack Borg with all dependencies. It will
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fail if /tmp has not enough free space or is mounted with the ``noexec``
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option. You can change the temporary directory by setting the ``TEMP``
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environment variable before running Borg.
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If a new version is released, you will have to download it manually and replace
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the old version using the same steps as shown above.
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.. _pyinstaller: https://www.pyinstaller.org
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.. _releases: https://github.com/borgbackup/borg/releases
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.. _source-install:
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From Source
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-----------
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.. note::
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Some older Linux systems (like RHEL/CentOS 5) and Python interpreter binaries
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compiled to be able to run on such systems (like Python installed via Anaconda)
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might miss functions required by Borg.
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This issue will be detected early and Borg will abort with a fatal error.
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Dependencies
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~~~~~~~~~~~~
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To install Borg from a source package (including pip), you have to install the
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following dependencies first. For the libraries you will also need their
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development header files (sometimes in a separate `-dev` or `-devel` package).
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* `Python 3`_ >= 3.10.0
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* OpenSSL_ >= 1.1.1 (LibreSSL will not work)
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* libacl_ (which depends on libattr_)
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* liblz4_ >= 1.7.0 (r129)
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* libffi (required for argon2-cffi-bindings)
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* pkg-config (cli tool) - Borg uses this to discover header and library
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locations automatically. Alternatively, you can also point to them via some
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environment variables, see setup.py.
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* Some other Python dependencies, pip will automatically install them for you.
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* Optionally, if you wish to mount an archive as a FUSE filesystem, you need
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a FUSE implementation for Python:
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- mfusepy_ >= 3.1.0 (for fuse 2 and fuse 3, use `pip install borgbackup[mfusepy]`), or
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- pyfuse3_ >= 3.1.1 (for fuse 3, use `pip install borgbackup[pyfuse3]`), or
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- llfuse_ >= 1.3.8 (for fuse 2, use `pip install borgbackup[llfuse]`).
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- Additionally, your OS will need to have FUSE support installed
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(e.g. a package `fuse` for fuse 2 or a package `fuse3` for fuse 3 support).
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* Optionally, if you wish to use S3/B2 Backend:
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- borgstore[s3] ~= 0.3.0 (use `pip install borgbackup[s3]`)
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* Optionally, if you wish to use SFTP Backend:
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- borgstore[sftp] ~= 0.3.0 (use `pip install borgbackup[sftp]`)
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If you have troubles finding the right package names, have a look at the
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distribution specific sections below or the Vagrantfile in the git repository,
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which contains installation scripts for a number of operating systems.
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In the following, the steps needed to install the dependencies are listed for a
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selection of platforms. If your distribution is not covered by these
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instructions, try to use your package manager to install the dependencies.
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After you have installed the dependencies, you can proceed with steps outlined
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under :ref:`pip-installation`.
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Arch Linux
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++++++++++
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Install the runtime and build dependencies::
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pacman -S python python-pip python-virtualenv openssl acl lz4 base-devel
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pacman -S fuse2 # needed for llfuse
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pacman -S fuse3 # needed for pyfuse3
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Note that Arch Linux specifically doesn't support
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`partial upgrades <https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Partial_upgrade>`__,
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so in case some packages cannot be retrieved from the repo, run with ``pacman -Syu``.
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Debian / Ubuntu
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+++++++++++++++
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Install the dependencies with development headers::
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sudo apt-get install python3 python3-dev python3-pip python3-virtualenv \
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libacl1-dev \
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libssl-dev \
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liblz4-dev \
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libffi-dev \
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build-essential pkg-config
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sudo apt-get install libfuse-dev fuse # needed for llfuse
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sudo apt-get install libfuse3-dev fuse3 # needed for pyfuse3
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In case you get complaints about permission denied on ``/etc/fuse.conf``: on
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Ubuntu this means your user is not in the ``fuse`` group. Add yourself to that
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group, log out and log in again.
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Fedora
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++++++
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Install the dependencies with development headers::
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sudo dnf install python3 python3-devel python3-pip python3-virtualenv \
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libacl-devel \
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openssl-devel \
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lz4-devel \
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libffi-devel \
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pkgconf
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sudo dnf install gcc gcc-c++ redhat-rpm-config
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sudo dnf install fuse-devel fuse # needed for llfuse
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sudo dnf install fuse3-devel fuse3 # needed for pyfuse3
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openSUSE Tumbleweed / Leap
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++++++++++++++++++++++++++
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Install the dependencies automatically using zypper::
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sudo zypper source-install --build-deps-only borgbackup
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Alternatively, you can enumerate all build dependencies in the command line::
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sudo zypper install python3 python3-devel \
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libacl-devel openssl-devel liblz4-devel \
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libffi-devel \
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python3-Cython python3-Sphinx python3-msgpack-python python3-pkgconfig pkgconf \
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python3-pytest python3-setuptools python3-setuptools_scm \
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python3-sphinx_rtd_theme gcc gcc-c++
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sudo zypper install python3-llfuse # llfuse
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macOS
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+++++
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When installing borgbackup via Homebrew_, the basic dependencies are installed automatically.
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For FUSE support to mount the backup archives, you need macFUSE, which is available
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via `github <https://github.com/osxfuse/osxfuse/releases/latest>`__, or Homebrew::
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brew install --cask macfuse
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When installing Borg via ``pip``, be sure to install the ``llfuse`` extra,
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since macFUSE only supports FUSE API v2. Also, since Homebrew won't link
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the installed ``openssl`` formula, point pkg-config to the correct path::
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PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/opt/openssl@1.1/lib/pkgconfig" pip install borgbackup[llfuse]
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When working from a borg git repo workdir, you can install dependencies using the
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Brewfile::
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brew install python@3.11 # can be any supported python3 version
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brew bundle install # install requirements from borg repo's ./Brewfile
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pip3 install virtualenv
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Be aware that for all recent macOS releases you must authorize full disk access.
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It is no longer sufficient to run borg backups as root. If you have not yet
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granted full disk access, and you run Borg backup from cron, you will see
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messages such as::
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/Users/you/Pictures/Photos Library.photoslibrary: scandir: [Errno 1] Operation not permitted:
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To fix this problem, you should grant full disk access to cron, and to your
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Terminal application. More information `can be found here
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<https://osxdaily.com/2020/04/27/fix-cron-permissions-macos-full-disk-access/>`__.
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FreeBSD
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++++++++
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Listed below are packages you will need to install Borg, its dependencies,
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and commands to make FUSE work for using the mount command.
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::
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pkg install -y python3 pkgconf
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pkg install openssl
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pkg install liblz4
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pkg install fusefs-libs # needed for llfuse
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pkg install -y git
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python3 -m ensurepip # to install pip for Python3
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To use the mount command:
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echo 'fuse_load="YES"' >> /boot/loader.conf
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echo 'vfs.usermount=1' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
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kldload fuse
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sysctl vfs.usermount=1
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.. _windows_deps:
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Windows
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+++++++
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.. note::
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Running under Windows is experimental.
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.. warning::
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This script needs to be run in the UCRT64 environment in MSYS2.
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Install the dependencies with the provided script::
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./scripts/msys2-install-deps
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.. _msys2_path_translation:
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MSYS2 Path Translation
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++++++++++++++++++++++
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When running Borg within an MSYS2 environment, the shell
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automatically translates POSIX-style paths (like ``/tmp`` or ``/C/Users``) to
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Windows paths (like ``C:\msys64\tmp`` or ``C:\Users``) before they reach the
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Borg process.
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This behavior can result in absolute Windows paths being stored in your backups,
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which may not be what you intended if you use POSIX paths for portability.
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To disable this automatic translation for Borg, you can use environment variables
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to exclude everything from conversion. Similarly, MSYS2 also translates
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environment variables that look like paths. To disable this generally for Borg,
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set both variables::
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export MSYS2_ARG_CONV_EXCL="*"
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export MSYS2_ENV_CONV_EXCL="*"
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For more details, see the `MSYS2 documentation on filesystem paths <https://www.msys2.org/docs/filesystem-paths/>`__.
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Windows 10's Linux Subsystem
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++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
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.. note::
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Running under Windows 10's Linux Subsystem is experimental and has not been tested much yet.
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Just follow the Ubuntu Linux installation steps. You can omit the FUSE stuff, it won't work anyway.
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Cygwin
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++++++
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.. note::
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Running under Cygwin is experimental and has not been tested much yet.
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Use the Cygwin installer to install the dependencies::
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python39 python39-devel
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python39-setuptools python39-pip python39-wheel python39-virtualenv
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libssl-devel liblz4-devel
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binutils gcc-g++ git make openssh
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Make sure to use a virtual environment to avoid confusions with any Python installed on Windows.
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.. _windows-binary:
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Building a binary on Windows
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.. note::
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This is experimental.
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.. warning::
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This needs to be run in the UCRT64 environment in MSYS2.
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Ensure to install the dependencies as described within :ref:`Dependencies: Windows <windows_deps>`.
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::
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# Needed for setuptools < 70.2.0 to work - https://www.msys2.org/docs/python/#known-issues
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# export SETUPTOOLS_USE_DISTUTILS=stdlib
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pip install -e .
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pyinstaller -y scripts/borg.exe.spec
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A standalone executable will be created in ``dist/borg.exe``.
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.. _pip-installation:
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Using pip
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~~~~~~~~~
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Virtualenv_ can be used to build and install Borg without affecting
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the system Python or requiring root access. Using a virtual environment is
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optional, but recommended except for the most simple use cases.
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Ensure to install the dependencies as described within :ref:`source-install`.
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.. note::
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If you install into a virtual environment, you need to **activate** it
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first (``source borg-env/bin/activate``), before running ``borg``.
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Alternatively, symlink ``borg-env/bin/borg`` into some directory that is in
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your ``PATH`` so you can run ``borg``.
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This will use ``pip`` to install the latest release from PyPi::
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virtualenv --python=python3 borg-env
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source borg-env/bin/activate
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# might be required if your tools are outdated
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pip install -U pip setuptools wheel
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# install Borg + Python dependencies into virtualenv
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pip install borgbackup
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# or alternatively (if you want FUSE support):
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pip install borgbackup[llfuse] # to use llfuse
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pip install borgbackup[pyfuse3] # to use pyfuse3
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To upgrade Borg to a new version later, run the following after
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activating your virtual environment::
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pip install -U borgbackup # or ... borgbackup[llfuse/pyfuse3]
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When doing manual pip installation, man pages are not automatically
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installed. You can run these commands to install the man pages
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locally::
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# get borg from github
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git clone https://github.com/borgbackup/borg.git borg
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# Install the files with proper permissions
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install -D -m 0644 borg/docs/man/borg*.1* $HOME/.local/share/man/man1/borg.1
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# Update the man page cache
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mandb
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.. _git-installation:
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Using git
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~~~~~~~~~
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This uses latest, unreleased development code from git.
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While we try not to break master, there are no guarantees on anything.
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Ensure to install the dependencies as described within :ref:`source-install`.
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Version metadata is obtained dynamically at install time using ``setuptools-scm``.
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Please ensure that your git repo either has correct tags, or provide the version
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manually using the ``SETUPTOOLS_SCM_PRETEND_VERSION`` environment variable.
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::
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# get borg from github
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git clone https://github.com/borgbackup/borg.git
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# create a virtual environment
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virtualenv --python=$(which python3) borg-env
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source borg-env/bin/activate # always before using!
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# install borg dependencies into virtualenv
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cd borg
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pip install -r requirements.d/development.lock.txt
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pip install -r requirements.d/docs.txt # optional, to build the docs
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# set a borg version if setuptools-scm fails to do so automatically
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export SETUPTOOLS_SCM_PRETEND_VERSION=
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# install borg into virtualenv
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pip install -e . # in-place editable mode
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or
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pip install -e .[pyfuse3] # in-place editable mode, use pyfuse3
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or
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pip install -e .[llfuse] # in-place editable mode, use llfuse
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|
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# optional: run all the tests, on all installed Python versions
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|
# requires fakeroot, available through your package manager
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fakeroot -u tox --skip-missing-interpreters
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|
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|
By default the system installation of python will be used.
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|
If you need to use a different version of Python you can install this using ``pyenv``:
|
|
|
|
::
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|
|
|
...
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|
# create a virtual environment
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|
pyenv install 3.10.0 # minimum, preferably use something more recent!
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|
pyenv global 3.10.0
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|
pyenv local 3.10.0
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|
virtualenv --python=${pyenv which python} borg-env
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|
source borg-env/bin/activate # always before using!
|
|
...
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|
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.. note:: As a developer or power user, you should always use a virtual environment.
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