haproxy/doc/haload.txt

------
                                  HALoad
                                  ------
                            HAProxy's dummy HTTP
                           client for benchmarks

1. Background
-------------

HALoad is a lightweight, multi-threaded traffic generator designed to benchmark
HTTP infrastructures under heavy loads. Built directly onto HAProxy's highly
scalable core architecture, it shares its parent engine's efficient handling of
connections. This framework allows the tool to generate high-volume traffic
across all standard application layers, including HTTP/1, HTTP/2, and HTTP/3
(QUIC), over either cleartext or secured TLS connections.

The primary design goal is to provide a modernized alternative to legacy tools
like h1load, extending benchmarking capabilities to newer protocols. Notably,
HALoad introduces the concept of users (-u), a feature completely absent
from h1load. Here, a "user" strictly represents an independent, concurrent
HTTP client task. Under this architecture, each simulated client will
instantiate as many backend server connections as there are target URLs
specified on the command line.

HALoad does not require any configuration file. Instead, the configuration is
dynamically derived from basic command line inputs. This ensures immediate
usability for test operators while retaining the ability to test complex,
multi-protocol setups.


2. Compilation
--------------

The compilation process mirrors standard HAProxy builds, specifying "haload"
as the compilation target via the command line:

  $ make -j $(nproc) TARGET=linux-glibc haload

To enable encrypted communication layers (TLS/SSL):

  $ make TARGET=linux-glibc USE_OPENSSL=1 haload

For advanced HTTP/3 over QUIC load testing:

  $ make -j $(nproc) TARGET=linux-glibc USE_OPENSSL=1 USE_QUIC=1 haload

Because HALoad shares the code of the main HAProxy binary, it natively
inherits all standard HAProxy compiler flags, optimizations, and build
targets.


3. Execution
------------

HALoad displays its usage when run without argument or wrong arguments:

    Usage : haload [opts] [URL]
    where <opts> may be any combination of:
            -d <time>        test duration in seconds (0)
            -e               stop upon first connection error
            -h(0|1|2|2c|3)   use h0 (hq-interop for QUIC), h1, h2, h2c or h3
                             (QUIC/TCP) protocols (*)
            -(0|1|2|2c|3)    same as above (*)
            -l               enable long output format; double for raw values
            -m <streams>     maximum concurrent streams (1)
            -n <reqs>        maximum total requests (-1)
            -r <reqs>        number of requests per connection (-1)
            -s <time>        soft start: time in sec to reach 100% load
            -t <threads>     number of threads
            -u <users>       number of users (1)
            -w <time>        I/O timeout in milliseconds (10000)
            -C               dump the configuration and exit
            -H "foo:bar"     add this header name and value
            -I               use HEAD instead of GET
            -v               shows version
            --defaults <str> add a string to default section
            --global <str>   add a string to global section
            --server <opts>  set server <opt> options as defined for "server"
                             haproxy keyword
            --show-status-codes show HTTP status codes distribution
            --traces         enable the traces for all the HTTP protocols
    SSL options:
            --tls-ciphers <ciphers>      for TLS1.2 and below (*)
            --tls-ciphersuites <ciphers> for TLS1.3 and above (*)
            --tls-curves <curves> (*)
    URL format:
            (http://|https://|quic://)<addr>:<port>/<path>
    Note: Options marked with an asterisk (*) are positional and MUST be placed
          BEFORE the URLs they are intended to affect.


At startup, HALoad dynamically generates an HAProxy configuration in memory.
Options like --global and --defaults allow raw configuration lines to be added
directly to the "global" and "defaults" sections, while --server appends
options to the backend server. These parameters support standard escaped
notation (e.g., '\n' or '\t') to insert multi-line statements in a single
argument en ligne de commande.


Examples:

    # 30-second test using 4 threads simulating 10 distinct users
    $ ./haload -t 4 -u 10 -d 30 http://127.0.0.1:8888/

    # HTTP/3 test limiting concurrent streams to 3 per connection (-m3)
    $ ./haload -m3 quic://127.0.0.1:8889/

    # Dump the generated memory configuration and exit (-C)
    $ ./haload https://127.0.0.1:4443 -C
    global
            tune.memory.hot-size 3145728
            ssl-server-verify none
            tune.h2.be.max-concurrent-streams 1
            tune.quic.be.stream.max-concurrent 1

    # Dump the configuration and exit (-C) to check -m3 effect
    $ ./haload https://127.0.0.1:4443 -m3 -C
    global
            tune.memory.hot-size 3145728
            ssl-server-verify none
            tune.h2.be.max-concurrent-streams 3
            tune.quic.be.stream.max-concurrent 3

    # Add a custom directive into defaults, dump the configuration and exit (-C)
    $ ./haload https://127.0.0.1:4443 --defaults "timeout connect 5s" -C
    global
            tune.memory.hot-size 3145728
            ssl-server-verify none
            tune.h2.be.max-concurrent-streams 1
            tune.quic.be.stream.max-concurrent 1
    defaults
            timeout connect 5s


4. Limitations
--------------

When using HTTP/3 (QUIC or QMUX) protocols with the maximum concurrent streams
option (-m) enabled, HAProxy's connection layer currently does not enforce or
respect the strict limit on the number of open connections usually dictated by
the concurrent users option (-u).

For example, when targeting a single URL, specifying "-u 10 -m 5" might lead
to opening more than 10 concurrent connections to the target server under
heavy load, instead of strictly capping the total connections to the requested
number of users.