kubernetes/pkg/credentialprovider/plugin/plugin_test.go

/*
Copyright 2020 The Kubernetes Authors.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/

package plugin

import (
	"bytes"
	"context"
	"errors"
	"flag"
	"fmt"
	"reflect"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"testing"
	"time"

	"golang.org/x/sync/singleflight"

	authenticationv1 "k8s.io/api/authentication/v1"
	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime/schema"
	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/types"
	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/rand"
	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/cache"
	"k8s.io/klog/v2"
	credentialproviderapi "k8s.io/kubelet/pkg/apis/credentialprovider"
	credentialproviderv1 "k8s.io/kubelet/pkg/apis/credentialprovider/v1"
	credentialproviderv1alpha1 "k8s.io/kubelet/pkg/apis/credentialprovider/v1alpha1"
	credentialproviderv1beta1 "k8s.io/kubelet/pkg/apis/credentialprovider/v1beta1"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/credentialprovider"
	kubeletconfig "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/kubelet/apis/config"
	"k8s.io/utils/clock"
	testingclock "k8s.io/utils/clock/testing"
)

type fakeExecPlugin struct {
	cacheKeyType  credentialproviderapi.PluginCacheKeyType
	cacheDuration time.Duration

	auth map[string]credentialproviderapi.AuthConfig
}

// countingFakeExecPlugin is a fakeExecPlugin that counts the number of times ExecPlugin is called
// and sleeps for a second to simulate a slow plugin so that concurrent calls exercise the singleflight.
// This is used to test the singleflight behavior in the perPodPluginProvider.
type countingFakeExecPlugin struct {
	fakeExecPlugin
	mu    sync.Mutex
	count int
}

func (f *fakeExecPlugin) ExecPlugin(ctx context.Context, image, serviceAccountToken string, serviceAccountAnnotations map[string]string) (*credentialproviderapi.CredentialProviderResponse, error) {
	return &credentialproviderapi.CredentialProviderResponse{
		CacheKeyType: f.cacheKeyType,
		CacheDuration: &metav1.Duration{
			Duration: f.cacheDuration,
		},
		Auth: f.auth,
	}, nil
}

func (f *countingFakeExecPlugin) ExecPlugin(ctx context.Context, image, serviceAccountToken string, serviceAccountAnnotations map[string]string) (*credentialproviderapi.CredentialProviderResponse, error) {
	f.mu.Lock()
	defer f.mu.Unlock()
	f.count++
	// make the exec plugin slow so concurrent calls exercise the singleflight
	time.Sleep(time.Second)
	return f.fakeExecPlugin.ExecPlugin(ctx, image, serviceAccountToken, serviceAccountAnnotations)
}

func TestSingleflightProvide(t *testing.T) {
	tclock := clock.RealClock{}

	// Set up the counting fakeExecPlugin
	execPlugin := &countingFakeExecPlugin{
		fakeExecPlugin: fakeExecPlugin{
			cacheKeyType: credentialproviderapi.RegistryPluginCacheKeyType,
			auth: map[string]credentialproviderapi.AuthConfig{
				"test.registry.io": {Username: "user", Password: "password"},
			},
		},
	}

	// Set up perPodPluginProvider
	pluginProvider := &pluginProvider{
		plugin:         execPlugin,
		group:          singleflight.Group{},
		clock:          tclock,
		lastCachePurge: tclock.Now(),
		matchImages:    []string{"test.registry.io"},
		cache:          cache.NewExpirationStore(cacheKeyFunc, &cacheExpirationPolicy{clock: tclock}),
	}
	dynamicProvider := &perPodPluginProvider{
		provider: pluginProvider,

		podName:            "pod-name",
		podNamespace:       "pod-namespace",
		podUID:             "pod-uid",
		serviceAccountName: "service-account-name",
	}

	image := "test.registry.io"
	var wg sync.WaitGroup
	const concurrentCalls = 5
	results := make([]credentialprovider.DockerConfig, concurrentCalls)

	// Test with serviceAccountProvider as nil
	for i := 0; i < concurrentCalls; i++ {
		wg.Add(1)
		go func(i int) {
			defer wg.Done()
			result, _ := dynamicProvider.provideWithCoordinates(image)
			results[i] = result
		}(i)
	}
	wg.Wait()

	// Check that ExecPlugin was called only once
	if execPlugin.count != 1 {
		t.Errorf("expected ExecPlugin to be called once, but was called %d times", execPlugin.count)
	}

	// Repeat the test with a non-nil serviceAccountProvider if applicable
	pluginProvider.serviceAccountProvider = &serviceAccountProvider{
		audience: "audience",
		getServiceAccountFunc: func(namespace, name string) (*v1.ServiceAccount, error) {
			return &v1.ServiceAccount{
				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
					Name:      name,
					Namespace: namespace,
					UID:       "service-account-uid",
				},
			}, nil
		},
		getServiceAccountTokenFunc: func(namespace, name string, tr *authenticationv1.TokenRequest) (*authenticationv1.TokenRequest, error) {
			return &authenticationv1.TokenRequest{}, nil
		},
	}

	execPlugin.count = 0 // Reset count for the next test
	for i := 0; i < concurrentCalls; i++ {
		wg.Add(1)
		go func(i int) {
			defer wg.Done()
			result, _ := dynamicProvider.provideWithCoordinates(image)
			results[i] = result
		}(i)
	}
	wg.Wait()

	// Verify single ExecPlugin call again
	if execPlugin.count != 1 {
		t.Errorf("expected ExecPlugin to be called once with serviceAccountProvider, but was called %d times", execPlugin.count)
	}

	// Repeat the test with different serviceaccount token (same serviceaccount but different pod)
	pluginProvider.serviceAccountProvider.getServiceAccountTokenFunc = func(namespace, name string, tr *authenticationv1.TokenRequest) (*authenticationv1.TokenRequest, error) {
		return &authenticationv1.TokenRequest{Status: authenticationv1.TokenRequestStatus{Token: rand.String(10)}}, nil
	}

	execPlugin.count = 0 // Reset count for the next test
	for i := 0; i < concurrentCalls; i++ {
		wg.Add(1)
		go func(i int) {
			defer wg.Done()
			result, _ := dynamicProvider.provideWithCoordinates(image)
			results[i] = result
		}(i)
	}
	wg.Wait()

	// Check that ExecPlugin was called 5 times with different serviceaccount tokens
	if execPlugin.count != concurrentCalls {
		t.Errorf("expected ExecPlugin to be called %d times with different serviceaccount tokens, but was called %d times", concurrentCalls, execPlugin.count)
	}
}

func Test_ProvideWithCoordinates(t *testing.T) {
	klog.InitFlags(nil)
	if err := flag.Set("v", "6"); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to set log level: %v", err)
	}
	flag.Parse()

	tclock := clock.RealClock{}
	testcases := []struct {
		name                   string
		pluginProvider         *perPodPluginProvider
		image                  string
		dockerconfig           credentialprovider.DockerConfig
		wantLog                string
		expectedServiceAccount *credentialprovider.ServiceAccountCoordinates
	}{
		{
			name: "exact image match, with Registry cache key",
			pluginProvider: &perPodPluginProvider{
				provider: &pluginProvider{
					clock:          tclock,
					lastCachePurge: tclock.Now(),
					matchImages:    []string{"test.registry.io"},
					cache:          cache.NewExpirationStore(cacheKeyFunc, &cacheExpirationPolicy{clock: tclock}),
					plugin: &fakeExecPlugin{
						cacheKeyType: credentialproviderapi.RegistryPluginCacheKeyType,
						auth: map[string]credentialproviderapi.AuthConfig{
							"test.registry.io": {
								Username: "user",
								Password: "password",
							},
						},
					},
				},
			},
			image: "test.registry.io/foo/bar",
			dockerconfig: credentialprovider.DockerConfig{
				"test.registry.io": credentialprovider.DockerConfigEntry{
					Username: "user",
					Password: "password",
				},
			},
		},
		{
			name: "exact image match, with Image cache key",
			pluginProvider: &perPodPluginProvider{
				provider: &pluginProvider{
					clock:          tclock,
					lastCachePurge: tclock.Now(),
					matchImages:    []string{"test.registry.io/foo/bar"},
					cache:          cache.NewExpirationStore(cacheKeyFunc, &cacheExpirationPolicy{clock: tclock}),
					plugin: &fakeExecPlugin{
						cacheKeyType: credentialproviderapi.ImagePluginCacheKeyType,
						auth: map[string]credentialproviderapi.AuthConfig{
							"test.registry.io/foo/bar": {
								Username: "user",
								Password: "password",
							},
						},
					},
				},
			},
			image: "test.registry.io/foo/bar",
			dockerconfig: credentialprovider.DockerConfig{
				"test.registry.io/foo/bar": credentialprovider.DockerConfigEntry{
					Username: "user",
					Password: "password",
				},
			},
		},
		{
			name: "exact image match, with Global cache key",
			pluginProvider: &perPodPluginProvider{
				provider: &pluginProvider{
					clock:          tclock,
					lastCachePurge: tclock.Now(),
					matchImages:    []string{"test.registry.io"},
					cache:          cache.NewExpirationStore(cacheKeyFunc, &cacheExpirationPolicy{clock: tclock}),
					plugin: &fakeExecPlugin{
						cacheKeyType: credentialproviderapi.GlobalPluginCacheKeyType,
						auth: map[string]credentialproviderapi.AuthConfig{
							"test.registry.io": {
								Username: "user",
								Password: "password",
							},
						},
					},
				},
			},
			image: "test.registry.io",
			dockerconfig: credentialprovider.DockerConfig{
				"test.registry.io": credentialprovider.DockerConfigEntry{
					Username: "user",
					Password: "password",
				},
			},
		},
		{
			name: "wild card image match, with Registry cache key",
			pluginProvider: &perPodPluginProvider{
				provider: &pluginProvider{
					clock:          tclock,
					lastCachePurge: tclock.Now(),
					matchImages:    []string{"*.registry.io:8080"},
					cache:          cache.NewExpirationStore(cacheKeyFunc, &cacheExpirationPolicy{clock: tclock}),
					plugin: &fakeExecPlugin{
						cacheKeyType: credentialproviderapi.RegistryPluginCacheKeyType,
						auth: map[string]credentialproviderapi.AuthConfig{
							"*.registry.io:8080": {
								Username: "user",
								Password: "password",
							},
						},
					},
				},
			},
			image: "test.registry.io:8080/foo",
			dockerconfig: credentialprovider.DockerConfig{
				"*.registry.io:8080": credentialprovider.DockerConfigEntry{
					Username: "user",
					Password: "password",
				},
			},
		},
		{
			name: "wild card image match, with Image cache key",
			pluginProvider: &perPodPluginProvider{
				provider: &pluginProvider{
					clock:          tclock,
					lastCachePurge: tclock.Now(),
					matchImages:    []string{"*.*.registry.io"},
					cache:          cache.NewExpirationStore(cacheKeyFunc, &cacheExpirationPolicy{clock: tclock}),
					plugin: &fakeExecPlugin{
						cacheKeyType: credentialproviderapi.ImagePluginCacheKeyType,
						auth: map[string]credentialproviderapi.AuthConfig{
							"*.*.registry.io": {
								Username: "user",
								Password: "password",
							},
						},
					},
				},
			},
			image: "foo.bar.registry.io/foo/bar",
			dockerconfig: credentialprovider.DockerConfig{
				"*.*.registry.io": credentialprovider.DockerConfigEntry{
					Username: "user",
					Password: "password",
				},
			},
		},
		{
			name: "wild card image match, with Global cache key",
			pluginProvider: &perPodPluginProvider{
				provider: &pluginProvider{
					clock:          tclock,
					lastCachePurge: tclock.Now(),
					matchImages:    []string{"*.registry.io"},
					cache:          cache.NewExpirationStore(cacheKeyFunc, &cacheExpirationPolicy{clock: tclock}),
					plugin: &fakeExecPlugin{
						cacheKeyType: credentialproviderapi.GlobalPluginCacheKeyType,
						auth: map[string]credentialproviderapi.AuthConfig{
							"*.registry.io": {
								Username: "user",
								Password: "password",
							},
						},
					},
				},
			},
			image: "test.registry.io",
			dockerconfig: credentialprovider.DockerConfig{
				"*.registry.io": credentialprovider.DockerConfigEntry{
					Username: "user",
					Password: "password",
				},
			},
		},
		{
			name: "[service account mode] sa name required but empty",
			pluginProvider: &perPodPluginProvider{
				provider: &pluginProvider{
					name:        "test-plugin",
					matchImages: []string{"test.registry.io"},
					serviceAccountProvider: &serviceAccountProvider{
						requireServiceAccount: true,
					},
				},
				podName:      "pod-name",
				podNamespace: "ns",
				podUID:       "pod-uid",
			},
			image:        "test.registry.io/foo/bar",
			dockerconfig: credentialprovider.DockerConfig{},
			wantLog:      `Service account name is empty" provider="test-plugin" image="test.registry.io/foo/bar" pod="ns/pod-name" podUID="pod-uid"`,
		},
		{
			name: "[service account mode] sa does not have required annotations",
			pluginProvider: &perPodPluginProvider{
				provider: &pluginProvider{
					name:        "test-plugin",
					matchImages: []string{"test.registry.io"},
					serviceAccountProvider: &serviceAccountProvider{
						requireServiceAccount: true,
						requiredServiceAccountAnnotationKeys: []string{
							"domain.io/identity-id",
						},
						getServiceAccountFunc: func(_, _ string) (*v1.ServiceAccount, error) {
							return &v1.ServiceAccount{
								ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
									Name:        "sa-name",
									Namespace:   "ns",
									Annotations: map[string]string{},
								},
							}, nil
						},
					},
				},
				podName:            "pod-name",
				podNamespace:       "ns",
				podUID:             "pod-uid",
				serviceAccountName: "sa-name",
			},
			image:        "test.registry.io/foo/bar",
			dockerconfig: credentialprovider.DockerConfig{},
			wantLog:      `"Failed to get service account data" err="required annotation domain.io/identity-id not found" provider="test-plugin" image="test.registry.io/foo/bar" pod="ns/pod-name" podUID="pod-uid" serviceAccount="ns/sa-name"`,
		},
		{
			name: "[service account mode] failed to get service account token",
			pluginProvider: &perPodPluginProvider{
				provider: &pluginProvider{
					name:        "test-plugin",
					matchImages: []string{"test.registry.io"},
					serviceAccountProvider: &serviceAccountProvider{
						requireServiceAccount: true,
						requiredServiceAccountAnnotationKeys: []string{
							"domain.io/identity-id",
						},
						optionalServiceAccountAnnotationKeys: []string{
							"domain.io/identity-type",
						},
						getServiceAccountFunc: func(_, _ string) (*v1.ServiceAccount, error) {
							return &v1.ServiceAccount{
								ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
									Name:      "sa-name",
									Namespace: "ns",
									Annotations: map[string]string{
										"domain.io/identity-id": "id",
									},
								},
							}, nil
						},
						getServiceAccountTokenFunc: func(_, _ string, tr *authenticationv1.TokenRequest) (*authenticationv1.TokenRequest, error) {
							return nil, errors.New("failed to get token")
						},
					},
				},
				podName:            "pod-name",
				podNamespace:       "ns",
				podUID:             "pod-uid",
				serviceAccountName: "sa-name",
			},
			image:        "test.registry.io/foo/bar",
			dockerconfig: credentialprovider.DockerConfig{},
			wantLog:      `"Failed to provide credentials for image" err="failed to get service account token: failed to get token" provider="test-plugin" image="test.registry.io/foo/bar" pod="ns/pod-name" podUID="pod-uid" serviceAccount="ns/sa-name"`,
		},
		{
			name: "[service account mode] cache type not token but service account echoed back",
			pluginProvider: &perPodPluginProvider{
				provider: &pluginProvider{
					name:           "test-plugin",
					clock:          tclock,
					lastCachePurge: tclock.Now(),
					matchImages:    []string{"test.registry.io"},
					cache:          cache.NewExpirationStore(cacheKeyFunc, &cacheExpirationPolicy{clock: tclock}),
					plugin: &fakeExecPlugin{
						cacheKeyType: credentialproviderapi.ImagePluginCacheKeyType,
						auth: map[string]credentialproviderapi.AuthConfig{
							"test.registry.io/foo/bar": {
								Username: "user",
								Password: "token", // this is the service account token being echoed back
							},
						},
					},
					serviceAccountProvider: &serviceAccountProvider{
						requireServiceAccount: true,
						requiredServiceAccountAnnotationKeys: []string{
							"domain.io/identity-id",
						},
						optionalServiceAccountAnnotationKeys: []string{
							"domain.io/identity-type",
						},
						getServiceAccountFunc: func(_, _ string) (*v1.ServiceAccount, error) {
							return &v1.ServiceAccount{
								ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
									Name:      "sa-name",
									Namespace: "ns",
									Annotations: map[string]string{
										"domain.io/identity-id": "id",
									},
								},
							}, nil
						},
						getServiceAccountTokenFunc: func(_, _ string, tr *authenticationv1.TokenRequest) (*authenticationv1.TokenRequest, error) {
							return &authenticationv1.TokenRequest{Status: authenticationv1.TokenRequestStatus{Token: "token"}}, nil
						},
					},
				},
				podName:            "pod-name",
				podNamespace:       "ns",
				podUID:             "pod-uid",
				serviceAccountName: "sa-name",
			},
			image:        "test.registry.io/foo/bar",
			dockerconfig: credentialprovider.DockerConfig{},
			wantLog:      `"Failed to provide credentials for image" err="credential provider plugin returned the service account token as the password which is not allowed when service account cache type is not set to 'Token'" provider="test-plugin" image="test.registry.io/foo/bar" pod="ns/pod-name" podUID="pod-uid" serviceAccount="ns/sa-name"`,
		},
		{
			name: "[service account mode] exact image match",
			pluginProvider: &perPodPluginProvider{
				provider: &pluginProvider{
					clock:          tclock,
					lastCachePurge: tclock.Now(),
					matchImages:    []string{"test.registry.io"},
					cache:          cache.NewExpirationStore(cacheKeyFunc, &cacheExpirationPolicy{clock: tclock}),
					plugin: &fakeExecPlugin{
						cacheKeyType: credentialproviderapi.ImagePluginCacheKeyType,
						auth: map[string]credentialproviderapi.AuthConfig{
							"test.registry.io/foo/bar": {
								Username: "user",
								Password: "password",
							},
						},
					},
					serviceAccountProvider: &serviceAccountProvider{
						requireServiceAccount: true,
						requiredServiceAccountAnnotationKeys: []string{
							"domain.io/identity-id",
						},
						optionalServiceAccountAnnotationKeys: []string{
							"domain.io/identity-type",
						},
						getServiceAccountFunc: func(_, _ string) (*v1.ServiceAccount, error) {
							return &v1.ServiceAccount{
								ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
									Name:      "sa-name",
									Namespace: "ns",
									UID:       "sa-uid",
									Annotations: map[string]string{
										"domain.io/identity-id":   "id",
										"domain.io/identity-type": "type",
									},
								},
							}, nil
						},
						getServiceAccountTokenFunc: func(_, _ string, tr *authenticationv1.TokenRequest) (*authenticationv1.TokenRequest, error) {
							return &authenticationv1.TokenRequest{Status: authenticationv1.TokenRequestStatus{Token: "token"}}, nil
						},
					},
				},
				podName:            "pod-name",
				podNamespace:       "ns",
				serviceAccountName: "sa-name",
			},
			image: "test.registry.io/foo/bar",
			dockerconfig: credentialprovider.DockerConfig{
				"test.registry.io/foo/bar": credentialprovider.DockerConfigEntry{
					Username: "user",
					Password: "password",
				},
			},
			expectedServiceAccount: &credentialprovider.ServiceAccountCoordinates{
				Namespace: "ns",
				Name:      "sa-name",
				UID:       "sa-uid",
			},
		},
	}

	for _, testcase := range testcases {
		testcase := testcase
		t.Run(testcase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
			var buf bytes.Buffer
			klog.SetOutput(&buf)
			klog.LogToStderr(false)
			defer klog.LogToStderr(true)

			gotConfig, gotCoordinates := testcase.pluginProvider.provideWithCoordinates(testcase.image)
			if !reflect.DeepEqual(gotConfig, testcase.dockerconfig) {
				t.Errorf("unexpected docker config from ProvideWithCoordinates: %v, expected: %v", gotConfig, testcase.dockerconfig)
			}

			if testcase.expectedServiceAccount != nil {
				if !reflect.DeepEqual(gotCoordinates, testcase.expectedServiceAccount) {
					t.Errorf("unexpected service account coordinates: %v, expected: %v", gotCoordinates, testcase.expectedServiceAccount)
				}
			} else if gotCoordinates != nil {
				t.Errorf("expected nil service account coordinates but got: %v", gotCoordinates)
			}

			klog.Flush()
			klog.SetOutput(&bytes.Buffer{}) // prevent further writes into buf
			capturedOutput := buf.String()

			if len(testcase.wantLog) > 0 && !strings.Contains(capturedOutput, testcase.wantLog) {
				t.Log("Captured output:", capturedOutput)
				t.Errorf("expected log message %q not found in captured output: %q", testcase.wantLog, capturedOutput)
			}
		})
	}
}

// This test calls Provide in parallel for different registries and images
// The purpose of this is to detect any race conditions while cache rw.
func Test_ProvideParallel(t *testing.T) {
	tclock := clock.RealClock{}

	testcases := []struct {
		name     string
		registry string
	}{
		{
			name:     "provide for registry 1",
			registry: "test1.registry.io",
		},
		{
			name:     "provide for registry 2",
			registry: "test2.registry.io",
		},
		{
			name:     "provide for registry 3",
			registry: "test3.registry.io",
		},
		{
			name:     "provide for registry 4",
			registry: "test4.registry.io",
		},
	}

	pluginProvider := &perPodPluginProvider{
		provider: &pluginProvider{
			clock:          tclock,
			lastCachePurge: tclock.Now(),
			matchImages:    []string{"test1.registry.io", "test2.registry.io", "test3.registry.io", "test4.registry.io"},
			cache:          cache.NewExpirationStore(cacheKeyFunc, &cacheExpirationPolicy{clock: tclock}),
			plugin: &fakeExecPlugin{
				cacheDuration: time.Minute * 1,
				cacheKeyType:  credentialproviderapi.RegistryPluginCacheKeyType,
				auth: map[string]credentialproviderapi.AuthConfig{
					"test.registry.io": {
						Username: "user",
						Password: "password",
					},
				},
			},
		},
	}

	dockerconfig := credentialprovider.DockerConfig{
		"test.registry.io": credentialprovider.DockerConfigEntry{
			Username: "user",
			Password: "password",
		},
	}

	for _, testcase := range testcases {
		testcase := testcase
		t.Run(testcase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
			t.Parallel()
			var wg sync.WaitGroup
			wg.Add(5)

			for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
				go func(w *sync.WaitGroup) {
					image := fmt.Sprintf(testcase.registry+"/%s", rand.String(5))
					dockerconfigResponse, _ := pluginProvider.provideWithCoordinates(image)
					if !reflect.DeepEqual(dockerconfigResponse, dockerconfig) {
						t.Errorf("unexpected docker config for image %s: %v, expected: %v", image, dockerconfigResponse, dockerconfig)
					}
					w.Done()
				}(&wg)
			}
			wg.Wait()

		})
	}
}

func Test_getCachedCredentials(t *testing.T) {
	fakeClock := testingclock.NewFakeClock(time.Now())
	p := &pluginProvider{
		clock:          fakeClock,
		lastCachePurge: fakeClock.Now(),
		cache:          cache.NewExpirationStore(cacheKeyFunc, &cacheExpirationPolicy{clock: fakeClock}),
		plugin:         &fakeExecPlugin{},
	}

	testcases := []struct {
		name             string
		step             time.Duration
		cacheEntry       cacheEntry
		expectedResponse credentialprovider.DockerConfig
		keyLength        int
		getKey           string
	}{
		{
			name:      "It should return not expired credential",
			step:      1 * time.Second,
			keyLength: 1,
			getKey:    "image1",
			expectedResponse: map[string]credentialprovider.DockerConfigEntry{
				"image1": {
					Username: "user1",
					Password: "pass1",
				},
			},
			cacheEntry: cacheEntry{
				key:       "\x00\x06image1\x00\x00",
				expiresAt: fakeClock.Now().Add(1 * time.Minute),
				credentials: map[string]credentialprovider.DockerConfigEntry{
					"image1": {
						Username: "user1",
						Password: "pass1",
					},
				},
			},
		},

		{
			name:      "It should not return expired credential",
			step:      2 * time.Minute,
			getKey:    "image2",
			keyLength: 1,
			cacheEntry: cacheEntry{
				key:       "\x00\x06image2\x00\x00",
				expiresAt: fakeClock.Now(),
				credentials: map[string]credentialprovider.DockerConfigEntry{
					"image2": {
						Username: "user2",
						Password: "pass2",
					},
				},
			},
		},

		{
			name:      "It should delete expired credential during purge",
			step:      18 * time.Minute,
			keyLength: 0,
			// while get call for random, cache purge will be called and it will delete expired
			// image3 credentials. We cannot use image3 as getKey here, as it will get deleted during
			// get only, we will not be able verify the purge call.
			getKey: "random",
			cacheEntry: cacheEntry{
				key:       "\x00\x06image3\x00\x00",
				expiresAt: fakeClock.Now().Add(2 * time.Minute),
				credentials: map[string]credentialprovider.DockerConfigEntry{
					"image3": {
						Username: "user3",
						Password: "pass3",
					},
				},
			},
		},
	}

	for _, tc := range testcases {
		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
			p.cache.Add(&tc.cacheEntry)
			fakeClock.Step(tc.step)

			// getCachedCredentials returns unexpired credentials.
			res, _, err := p.getCachedCredentials(tc.getKey, "")
			if err != nil {
				t.Errorf("Unexpected error %v", err)
			}
			if !reflect.DeepEqual(res, tc.expectedResponse) {
				t.Logf("response %v", res)
				t.Logf("expected response %v", tc.expectedResponse)
				t.Errorf("Unexpected response")
			}

			// Listkeys returns all the keys present in cache including expired keys.
			if len(p.cache.ListKeys()) != tc.keyLength {
				t.Errorf("Unexpected cache key length")
			}
		})
	}
}

func Test_getCachedCredentials_pluginUsingServiceAccount(t *testing.T) {
	fakeClock := testingclock.NewFakeClock(time.Now())

	p := &pluginProvider{
		clock:          fakeClock,
		lastCachePurge: fakeClock.Now(),
		cache:          cache.NewExpirationStore(cacheKeyFunc, &cacheExpirationPolicy{clock: fakeClock}),
		plugin:         &fakeExecPlugin{},
		serviceAccountProvider: &serviceAccountProvider{
			audience: "audience",
			getServiceAccountFunc: func(namespace, name string) (*v1.ServiceAccount, error) {
				return &v1.ServiceAccount{
					ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
						Name:      name,
						Namespace: namespace,
						UID:       "service-account-uid",
					},
				}, nil
			},
			getServiceAccountTokenFunc: func(namespace, name string, tr *authenticationv1.TokenRequest) (*authenticationv1.TokenRequest, error) {
				return &authenticationv1.TokenRequest{}, nil
			},
		},
	}

	c := cacheKeyParams{
		namespace:          "namespace",
		serviceAccountName: "serviceAccountName",
		serviceAccountUID:  "service-account-uid",
		saAnnotations: map[string]string{
			"prefix.io/annotation-1": "value1",
			"prefix.io/annotation-2": "value2",
		},
		podName: "pod-name",
		podUID:  "pod-uid",
	}
	serviceAccountCacheKey, err := generateServiceAccountCacheKey(c)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Unexpected error %v", err)
	}

	cacheKey1, err := generateCacheKey("image1", serviceAccountCacheKey)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Unexpected error %v", err)
	}

	cacheKey2, err := generateCacheKey("image2", serviceAccountCacheKey)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Unexpected error %v", err)
	}

	testcases := []struct {
		name             string
		step             time.Duration
		cacheEntry       cacheEntry
		expectedResponse credentialprovider.DockerConfig
		keyLength        int
		getKey           string
	}{
		{
			name:      "It should return not expired credential",
			step:      1 * time.Second,
			keyLength: 1,
			getKey:    "image1",
			expectedResponse: map[string]credentialprovider.DockerConfigEntry{
				"image1": {
					Username: "user1",
					Password: "pass1",
				},
			},
			cacheEntry: cacheEntry{
				key:       cacheKey1,
				expiresAt: fakeClock.Now().Add(1 * time.Minute),
				credentials: map[string]credentialprovider.DockerConfigEntry{
					"image1": {
						Username: "user1",
						Password: "pass1",
					},
				},
			},
		},

		{
			name:      "It should not return expired credential",
			step:      2 * time.Minute,
			getKey:    "image2",
			keyLength: 1,
			cacheEntry: cacheEntry{
				key:       cacheKey2,
				expiresAt: fakeClock.Now(),
				credentials: map[string]credentialprovider.DockerConfigEntry{
					"image2": {
						Username: "user2",
						Password: "pass2",
					},
				},
			},
		},

		{
			name:      "It should delete expired credential during purge",
			step:      18 * time.Minute,
			keyLength: 0,
			// while get call for random, cache purge will be called, and it will delete expired
			// image3 credentials. We cannot use image3 as getKey here, as it will get deleted during
			// get only, we will not be able to verify the purge call.
			getKey: "random",
			cacheEntry: cacheEntry{
				key:       "image3",
				expiresAt: fakeClock.Now().Add(2 * time.Minute),
				credentials: map[string]credentialprovider.DockerConfigEntry{
					"image3": {
						Username: "user3",
						Password: "pass3",
					},
				},
			},
		},
	}

	for _, tc := range testcases {
		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
			if err := p.cache.Add(&tc.cacheEntry); err != nil {
				t.Fatalf("Unexpected error %v", err)
			}
			fakeClock.Step(tc.step)

			// getCachedCredentials returns unexpired credentials.
			res, _, err := p.getCachedCredentials(tc.getKey, serviceAccountCacheKey)
			if err != nil {
				t.Errorf("Unexpected error %v", err)
			}
			if !reflect.DeepEqual(res, tc.expectedResponse) {
				t.Logf("response %v", res)
				t.Logf("expected response %v", tc.expectedResponse)
				t.Errorf("Unexpected response")
			}

			// Listkeys returns all the keys present in cache including expired keys.
			if len(p.cache.ListKeys()) != tc.keyLength {
				t.Errorf("Unexpected cache key length")
			}
		})
	}
}

func Test_encodeRequest(t *testing.T) {
	testcases := []struct {
		name         string
		apiVersion   schema.GroupVersion
		request      *credentialproviderapi.CredentialProviderRequest
		expectedData []byte
		expectedErr  bool
	}{
		{
			name:       "successful with v1alpha1",
			apiVersion: credentialproviderv1alpha1.SchemeGroupVersion,
			request: &credentialproviderapi.CredentialProviderRequest{
				Image: "test.registry.io/foobar",
			},
			expectedData: []byte(`{"kind":"CredentialProviderRequest","apiVersion":"credentialprovider.kubelet.k8s.io/v1alpha1","image":"test.registry.io/foobar"}
`),
			expectedErr: false,
		},
		{
			name:       "successful with v1beta1",
			apiVersion: credentialproviderv1beta1.SchemeGroupVersion,
			request: &credentialproviderapi.CredentialProviderRequest{
				Image: "test.registry.io/foobar",
			},
			expectedData: []byte(`{"kind":"CredentialProviderRequest","apiVersion":"credentialprovider.kubelet.k8s.io/v1beta1","image":"test.registry.io/foobar"}
`),
			expectedErr: false,
		},
		{
			name:       "successful with v1",
			apiVersion: credentialproviderv1.SchemeGroupVersion,
			request: &credentialproviderapi.CredentialProviderRequest{
				Image: "test.registry.io/foobar",
			},
			expectedData: []byte(`{"kind":"CredentialProviderRequest","apiVersion":"credentialprovider.kubelet.k8s.io/v1","image":"test.registry.io/foobar"}
`),
			expectedErr: false,
		},
		{
			name:       "successful with v1, with service account token and annotations",
			apiVersion: credentialproviderv1.SchemeGroupVersion,
			request: &credentialproviderapi.CredentialProviderRequest{
				Image:               "test.registry.io/foobar",
				ServiceAccountToken: "service-account-token",
				ServiceAccountAnnotations: map[string]string{
					"domain.io/annotation1": "value1",
				},
			},
			expectedData: []byte(`{"kind":"CredentialProviderRequest","apiVersion":"credentialprovider.kubelet.k8s.io/v1","image":"test.registry.io/foobar","serviceAccountToken":"service-account-token","serviceAccountAnnotations":{"domain.io/annotation1":"value1"}}
`),
			expectedErr: false,
		},
	}

	for _, testcase := range testcases {
		t.Run(testcase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
			mediaType := "application/json"
			info, ok := runtime.SerializerInfoForMediaType(codecs.SupportedMediaTypes(), mediaType)
			if !ok {
				t.Fatalf("unsupported media type: %s", mediaType)
			}

			e := &execPlugin{
				encoder: codecs.EncoderForVersion(info.Serializer, testcase.apiVersion),
			}

			data, err := e.encodeRequest(testcase.request)
			if err != nil && !testcase.expectedErr {
				t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
			}

			if err == nil && testcase.expectedErr {
				t.Fatalf("expected error %v but got nil", testcase.expectedErr)
			}

			if !reflect.DeepEqual(data, testcase.expectedData) {
				t.Errorf("actual encoded data: %v", string(data))
				t.Errorf("expected encoded data: %v", string(testcase.expectedData))
				t.Errorf("unexpected encoded response")
			}
		})
	}
}

func Test_decodeResponse(t *testing.T) {
	testcases := []struct {
		name             string
		data             []byte
		expectedResponse *credentialproviderapi.CredentialProviderResponse
		expectedErr      bool
	}{
		{
			name: "success with v1",
			data: []byte(`{"kind":"CredentialProviderResponse","apiVersion":"credentialprovider.kubelet.k8s.io/v1","cacheKeyType":"Registry","cacheDuration":"1m","auth":{"*.registry.io":{"username":"user","password":"password"}}}`),
			expectedResponse: &credentialproviderapi.CredentialProviderResponse{
				CacheKeyType: credentialproviderapi.RegistryPluginCacheKeyType,
				CacheDuration: &metav1.Duration{
					Duration: time.Minute,
				},
				Auth: map[string]credentialproviderapi.AuthConfig{
					"*.registry.io": {
						Username: "user",
						Password: "password",
					},
				},
			},
			expectedErr: false,
		},
		{
			name: "success with v1beta1",
			data: []byte(`{"kind":"CredentialProviderResponse","apiVersion":"credentialprovider.kubelet.k8s.io/v1beta1","cacheKeyType":"Registry","cacheDuration":"1m","auth":{"*.registry.io":{"username":"user","password":"password"}}}`),
			expectedResponse: &credentialproviderapi.CredentialProviderResponse{
				CacheKeyType: credentialproviderapi.RegistryPluginCacheKeyType,
				CacheDuration: &metav1.Duration{
					Duration: time.Minute,
				},
				Auth: map[string]credentialproviderapi.AuthConfig{
					"*.registry.io": {
						Username: "user",
						Password: "password",
					},
				},
			},
			expectedErr: false,
		},
		{
			name: "success with v1alpha1",
			data: []byte(`{"kind":"CredentialProviderResponse","apiVersion":"credentialprovider.kubelet.k8s.io/v1alpha1","cacheKeyType":"Registry","cacheDuration":"1m","auth":{"*.registry.io":{"username":"user","password":"password"}}}`),
			expectedResponse: &credentialproviderapi.CredentialProviderResponse{
				CacheKeyType: credentialproviderapi.RegistryPluginCacheKeyType,
				CacheDuration: &metav1.Duration{
					Duration: time.Minute,
				},
				Auth: map[string]credentialproviderapi.AuthConfig{
					"*.registry.io": {
						Username: "user",
						Password: "password",
					},
				},
			},
			expectedErr: false,
		},
		{
			name:             "wrong Kind",
			data:             []byte(`{"kind":"WrongKind","apiVersion":"credentialprovider.kubelet.k8s.io/v1beta1","cacheKeyType":"Registry","cacheDuration":"1m","auth":{"*.registry.io":{"username":"user","password":"password"}}}`),
			expectedResponse: nil,
			expectedErr:      true,
		},
		{
			name:             "wrong Group",
			data:             []byte(`{"kind":"CredentialProviderResponse","apiVersion":"foobar.kubelet.k8s.io/v1beta1","cacheKeyType":"Registry","cacheDuration":"1m","auth":{"*.registry.io":{"username":"user","password":"password"}}}`),
			expectedResponse: nil,
			expectedErr:      true,
		},
	}

	for _, testcase := range testcases {
		t.Run(testcase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
			e := &execPlugin{}

			decodedResponse, err := e.decodeResponse(testcase.data)
			if err != nil && !testcase.expectedErr {
				t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
			}

			if err == nil && testcase.expectedErr {
				t.Fatalf("expected error %v but not nil", testcase.expectedErr)
			}

			if !reflect.DeepEqual(decodedResponse, testcase.expectedResponse) {
				t.Logf("actual decoded response: %#v", decodedResponse)
				t.Logf("expected decoded response: %#v", testcase.expectedResponse)
				t.Errorf("unexpected decoded response")
			}
		})
	}
}

func Test_NoCacheResponse(t *testing.T) {
	tclock := clock.RealClock{}
	pluginProvider := &perPodPluginProvider{
		provider: &pluginProvider{
			clock:          tclock,
			lastCachePurge: tclock.Now(),
			matchImages:    []string{"*.registry.io"},
			cache:          cache.NewExpirationStore(cacheKeyFunc, &cacheExpirationPolicy{clock: tclock}),
			plugin: &fakeExecPlugin{
				cacheKeyType:  credentialproviderapi.GlobalPluginCacheKeyType,
				cacheDuration: 0, // no cache
				auth: map[string]credentialproviderapi.AuthConfig{
					"*.registry.io": {
						Username: "user",
						Password: "password",
					},
				},
			},
		},
	}

	expectedDockerConfig := credentialprovider.DockerConfig{
		"*.registry.io": credentialprovider.DockerConfigEntry{
			Username: "user",
			Password: "password",
		},
	}

	dockerConfig, _ := pluginProvider.provideWithCoordinates("test.registry.io/foo/bar")
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(dockerConfig, expectedDockerConfig) {
		t.Logf("actual docker config: %v", dockerConfig)
		t.Logf("expected docker config: %v", expectedDockerConfig)
		t.Fatal("unexpected docker config")
	}

	expectedCacheKeys := []string{}
	cacheKeys := pluginProvider.provider.cache.ListKeys()
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(cacheKeys, expectedCacheKeys) {
		t.Logf("actual cache keys: %v", cacheKeys)
		t.Logf("expected cache keys: %v", expectedCacheKeys)
		t.Error("unexpected cache keys")
	}
}

func Test_ExecPluginEnvVars(t *testing.T) {
	testcases := []struct {
		name            string
		systemEnvVars   []string
		execPlugin      *execPlugin
		expectedEnvVars []string
	}{
		{
			name:          "positive append system env vars",
			systemEnvVars: []string{"HOME=/home/foo", "PATH=/usr/bin"},
			execPlugin: &execPlugin{
				envVars: []kubeletconfig.ExecEnvVar{
					{
						Name:  "SUPER_SECRET_STRONG_ACCESS_KEY",
						Value: "123456789",
					},
				},
			},
			expectedEnvVars: []string{
				"HOME=/home/foo",
				"PATH=/usr/bin",
				"SUPER_SECRET_STRONG_ACCESS_KEY=123456789",
			},
		},
		{
			name:          "positive no env vars provided in plugin",
			systemEnvVars: []string{"HOME=/home/foo", "PATH=/usr/bin"},
			execPlugin:    &execPlugin{},
			expectedEnvVars: []string{
				"HOME=/home/foo",
				"PATH=/usr/bin",
			},
		},
		{
			name: "positive no system env vars but env vars are provided in plugin",
			execPlugin: &execPlugin{
				envVars: []kubeletconfig.ExecEnvVar{
					{
						Name:  "SUPER_SECRET_STRONG_ACCESS_KEY",
						Value: "123456789",
					},
				},
			},
			expectedEnvVars: []string{
				"SUPER_SECRET_STRONG_ACCESS_KEY=123456789",
			},
		},
		{
			name:            "positive no system or plugin provided env vars",
			execPlugin:      &execPlugin{},
			expectedEnvVars: nil,
		},
		{
			name:          "positive plugin provided vars takes priority",
			systemEnvVars: []string{"HOME=/home/foo", "PATH=/usr/bin", "SUPER_SECRET_STRONG_ACCESS_KEY=1111"},
			execPlugin: &execPlugin{
				envVars: []kubeletconfig.ExecEnvVar{
					{
						Name:  "SUPER_SECRET_STRONG_ACCESS_KEY",
						Value: "123456789",
					},
				},
			},
			expectedEnvVars: []string{
				"HOME=/home/foo",
				"PATH=/usr/bin",
				"SUPER_SECRET_STRONG_ACCESS_KEY=1111",
				"SUPER_SECRET_STRONG_ACCESS_KEY=123456789",
			},
		},
	}

	for _, testcase := range testcases {
		t.Run(testcase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
			testcase.execPlugin.environ = func() []string {
				return testcase.systemEnvVars
			}

			var configVars []string
			for _, envVar := range testcase.execPlugin.envVars {
				configVars = append(configVars, fmt.Sprintf("%s=%s", envVar.Name, envVar.Value))
			}
			merged := mergeEnvVars(testcase.systemEnvVars, configVars)

			err := validate(testcase.expectedEnvVars, merged)
			if err != nil {
				t.Logf("unexpecged error %v", err)
			}
		})
	}
}

func validate(expected, actual []string) error {
	if len(actual) != len(expected) {
		return fmt.Errorf("actual env var length [%d] and expected env var length [%d] don't match",
			len(actual), len(expected))
	}

	for i := range actual {
		if actual[i] != expected[i] {
			return fmt.Errorf("mismatch in expected env var %s and actual env var %s", actual[i], expected[i])
		}
	}

	return nil
}

func TestGenerateServiceAccountCacheKey_Deterministic(t *testing.T) {
	namespace1 := "default"
	name1 := "service-account1"
	uid1 := types.UID("633a81d0-0f58-4a43-9e84-113145201b72")
	annotations1 := map[string]string{"domain.io/identity-id": "1234567890", "domain.io/role": "admin"}

	namespace2 := "kube-system"
	name2 := "service-account2"
	uid2 := types.UID("1408a4e6-e40b-4bbf-9019-4d86bfea73ae")
	annotations2 := map[string]string{"domain.io/identity-id": "0987654321", "domain.io/role": "viewer"}

	testCases := []struct {
		serviceAccountNamespace string
		serviceAccountName      string
		serviceAccountUID       types.UID
		requiredAnnotations     map[string]string
	}{
		{namespace1, name1, uid1, annotations1},
		{namespace1, name1, uid1, annotations2},
		{namespace1, name2, uid1, annotations1},
		{namespace1, name2, uid1, annotations2},
		{namespace2, name1, uid1, annotations1},
		{namespace2, name1, uid1, annotations2},
		{namespace2, name2, uid1, annotations1},
		{namespace2, name2, uid1, annotations2},
		{namespace1, name1, uid2, annotations1},
		{namespace1, name1, uid2, annotations2},
		{namespace1, name2, uid2, annotations1},
		{namespace1, name2, uid2, annotations2},
		{namespace2, name1, uid2, annotations1},
		{namespace2, name1, uid2, annotations2},
		{namespace2, name2, uid2, annotations1},
		{namespace2, name2, uid2, annotations2},
	}

	for _, tc := range testCases {
		tc := tc
		for _, tc2 := range testCases {
			tc2 := tc2
			t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%+v-%+v", tc, tc2), func(t *testing.T) {
				serviceAccountCacheKey1, err1 := generateServiceAccountCacheKey(cacheKeyParams{
					namespace:          tc.serviceAccountNamespace,
					serviceAccountName: tc.serviceAccountName,
					serviceAccountUID:  tc.serviceAccountUID,
					saAnnotations:      tc.requiredAnnotations})
				serviceAccountCacheKey2, err2 := generateServiceAccountCacheKey(cacheKeyParams{
					namespace:          tc2.serviceAccountNamespace,
					serviceAccountName: tc2.serviceAccountName,
					serviceAccountUID:  tc2.serviceAccountUID,
					saAnnotations:      tc2.requiredAnnotations})

				if err1 != nil || err2 != nil {
					t.Errorf("expected no error, but got err1=%v, err2=%v", err1, err2)
				}

				if bytes.Equal([]byte(serviceAccountCacheKey1), []byte(serviceAccountCacheKey2)) != reflect.DeepEqual(tc, tc2) {
					t.Errorf("expected %v, got %v", reflect.DeepEqual(tc, tc2), bytes.Equal([]byte(serviceAccountCacheKey1), []byte(serviceAccountCacheKey2)))
				}

				cacheKey1, err1 := generateCacheKey("registry.io/image", serviceAccountCacheKey1)
				cacheKey2, err2 := generateCacheKey("registry.io/image", serviceAccountCacheKey2)

				if err1 != nil || err2 != nil {
					t.Errorf("expected no error, but got err1=%v, err2=%v", err1, err2)
				}

				if bytes.Equal([]byte(cacheKey1), []byte(cacheKey2)) != reflect.DeepEqual(tc, tc2) {
					t.Errorf("expected %v, got %v", reflect.DeepEqual(tc, tc2), bytes.Equal([]byte(cacheKey1), []byte(cacheKey2)))
				}
			})
		}
	}
}

func TestGenerateServiceAccountCacheKey(t *testing.T) {
	tests := []struct {
		name          string
		saNamespace   string
		saName        string
		saUID         types.UID
		saAnnotations map[string]string
		cacheType     kubeletconfig.ServiceAccountTokenCacheType
		want          string
	}{
		{
			name:          "no annotations",
			saNamespace:   "namespace",
			saName:        "service-account",
			saUID:         "service-account-uid",
			saAnnotations: nil,
			want:          "\x00\tnamespace\x00\x0fservice-account\x00\x13service-account-uid\x00\x00\x00\x00",
		},
		{
			name:          "single annotation",
			saNamespace:   "namespace",
			saName:        "service-account",
			saUID:         "service-account-uid",
			saAnnotations: map[string]string{"domain.io/annotation-1": "value1"},
			want:          "\x00\tnamespace\x00\x0fservice-account\x00\x13service-account-uid\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x16domain.io/annotation-1\x00\x06value1",
		},
		{
			name:          "multiple annotations",
			saNamespace:   "namespace",
			saName:        "service-account",
			saUID:         "service-account-uid",
			saAnnotations: map[string]string{"domain.io/annotation-1": "value1", "domain.io/annotation-2": "value2"},
			want:          "\x00\tnamespace\x00\x0fservice-account\x00\x13service-account-uid\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x16domain.io/annotation-1\x00\x06value1\x00\x16domain.io/annotation-2\x00\x06value2",
		},
		{
			name:          "annotations with different order should be sorted",
			saNamespace:   "namespace",
			saName:        "service-account",
			saUID:         "service-account-uid",
			saAnnotations: map[string]string{"domain.io/annotation-2": "value2", "domain.io/annotation-1": "value1"},
			want:          "\x00\tnamespace\x00\x0fservice-account\x00\x13service-account-uid\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x16domain.io/annotation-1\x00\x06value1\x00\x16domain.io/annotation-2\x00\x06value2",
		},
		{
			name:          "token hash included",
			saNamespace:   "namespace",
			saName:        "service-account",
			saUID:         "service-account-uid",
			saAnnotations: map[string]string{"domain.io/annotation-2": "value2", "domain.io/annotation-1": "value1"},
			cacheType:     kubeletconfig.TokenServiceAccountTokenCacheType,
			want:          "\x00\tnamespace\x00\x0fservice-account\x00\x13service-account-uid\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x16domain.io/annotation-1\x00\x06value1\x00\x16domain.io/annotation-2\x00\x06value2\x00\x05token\x00Gsha256:f7a41acb9633520e657fe58dedcd9e6a784e2d97e4c646492b45c61e28595c70",
		},
	}

	for _, tc := range tests {
		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
			c := cacheKeyParams{
				namespace:          tc.saNamespace,
				serviceAccountName: tc.saName,
				serviceAccountUID:  tc.saUID,
				saAnnotations:      tc.saAnnotations,
				podName:            "pod-name",
				podUID:             "pod-uid",
				saTokenHash:        "sha256:f7a41acb9633520e657fe58dedcd9e6a784e2d97e4c646492b45c61e28595c70",
				cacheType:          tc.cacheType,
			}

			got, err := generateServiceAccountCacheKey(c)
			if err != nil {
				t.Errorf("unexpected error: %v", err)
			}
			if got != tc.want {
				t.Errorf("expected %q, got '%q'", tc.want, got)
			}
		})
	}
}

func TestGenerateCacheKey(t *testing.T) {
	tests := []struct {
		name                   string
		baseKey                string
		serviceAccountCacheKey string
		want                   string
	}{
		{
			name:                   "empty service account cache key",
			baseKey:                "registry.io/image",
			serviceAccountCacheKey: "",
			want:                   "\x00\x11registry.io/image\x00\x00",
		},
		{
			name:                   "combined key",
			baseKey:                "registry.io/image",
			serviceAccountCacheKey: "\x00\tnamespace\x00\x0fservice-account\x00\x13service-account-uid\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x16domain.io/annotation-1\x00\x06value1\x00\x16domain.io/annotation-2\x00\x06value2",
			want:                   "\x00\x11registry.io/image\x00u\x00\tnamespace\x00\x0fservice-account\x00\x13service-account-uid\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x16domain.io/annotation-1\x00\x06value1\x00\x16domain.io/annotation-2\x00\x06value2",
		},
	}

	for _, tc := range tests {
		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
			got, err := generateCacheKey(tc.baseKey, tc.serviceAccountCacheKey)
			if err != nil {
				t.Errorf("unexpected error: %v", err)
			}
			if got != tc.want {
				t.Errorf("expected %q, got %q", tc.want, got)
			}
		})
	}
}

func TestRequiredAnnotationNotFoundErr(t *testing.T) {
	tests := []struct {
		name     string
		err      error
		expected bool
	}{
		{
			name:     "required annotation not found error",
			err:      requiredAnnotationNotFoundError("something"),
			expected: true,
		},
		{
			name:     "other error",
			err:      errors.New("some other error"),
			expected: false,
		},
	}

	for _, test := range tests {
		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
			if got := isRequiredAnnotationNotFoundError(test.err); got != test.expected {
				t.Errorf("expected %v, got %v", test.expected, got)
			}
		})
	}
}

func Test_CacheKeyGeneration(t *testing.T) {
	type cacheKeyTestCase struct {
		name                    string
		pluginCacheKeyType      credentialproviderapi.PluginCacheKeyType
		serviceAccountCacheType kubeletconfig.ServiceAccountTokenCacheType // empty string means no SA mode
		expectedCacheKeyFunc    func(t *testing.T, image string, saParams *cacheKeyParams) string
	}

	testCases := []cacheKeyTestCase{
		{
			name:                    "image-no-sa",
			pluginCacheKeyType:      credentialproviderapi.ImagePluginCacheKeyType,
			serviceAccountCacheType: "",
			expectedCacheKeyFunc: func(t *testing.T, image string, saParams *cacheKeyParams) string {
				return generateExpectedCacheKey(t, image, "")
			},
		},
		{
			name:                    "image-sa-serviceaccount",
			pluginCacheKeyType:      credentialproviderapi.ImagePluginCacheKeyType,
			serviceAccountCacheType: kubeletconfig.ServiceAccountServiceAccountTokenCacheType,
			expectedCacheKeyFunc: func(t *testing.T, image string, saParams *cacheKeyParams) string {
				saKey := generateExpectedSACacheKey(t, saParams, kubeletconfig.ServiceAccountServiceAccountTokenCacheType)
				return generateExpectedCacheKey(t, image, saKey)
			},
		},
		{
			name:                    "image-sa-token",
			pluginCacheKeyType:      credentialproviderapi.ImagePluginCacheKeyType,
			serviceAccountCacheType: kubeletconfig.TokenServiceAccountTokenCacheType,
			expectedCacheKeyFunc: func(t *testing.T, image string, saParams *cacheKeyParams) string {
				saKey := generateExpectedSACacheKey(t, saParams, kubeletconfig.TokenServiceAccountTokenCacheType)
				return generateExpectedCacheKey(t, image, saKey)
			},
		},
		{
			name:                    "registry-no-sa",
			pluginCacheKeyType:      credentialproviderapi.RegistryPluginCacheKeyType,
			serviceAccountCacheType: "",
			expectedCacheKeyFunc: func(t *testing.T, image string, saParams *cacheKeyParams) string {
				registry := parseRegistry(image)
				return generateExpectedCacheKey(t, registry, "")
			},
		},
		{
			name:                    "registry-sa-serviceaccount",
			pluginCacheKeyType:      credentialproviderapi.RegistryPluginCacheKeyType,
			serviceAccountCacheType: kubeletconfig.ServiceAccountServiceAccountTokenCacheType,
			expectedCacheKeyFunc: func(t *testing.T, image string, saParams *cacheKeyParams) string {
				registry := parseRegistry(image)
				saKey := generateExpectedSACacheKey(t, saParams, kubeletconfig.ServiceAccountServiceAccountTokenCacheType)
				return generateExpectedCacheKey(t, registry, saKey)
			},
		},
		{
			name:                    "registry-sa-token",
			pluginCacheKeyType:      credentialproviderapi.RegistryPluginCacheKeyType,
			serviceAccountCacheType: kubeletconfig.TokenServiceAccountTokenCacheType,
			expectedCacheKeyFunc: func(t *testing.T, image string, saParams *cacheKeyParams) string {
				registry := parseRegistry(image)
				saKey := generateExpectedSACacheKey(t, saParams, kubeletconfig.TokenServiceAccountTokenCacheType)
				return generateExpectedCacheKey(t, registry, saKey)
			},
		},
		{
			name:                    "global-no-sa",
			pluginCacheKeyType:      credentialproviderapi.GlobalPluginCacheKeyType,
			serviceAccountCacheType: "",
			expectedCacheKeyFunc: func(t *testing.T, image string, saParams *cacheKeyParams) string {
				return generateExpectedCacheKey(t, globalCacheKey, "")
			},
		},
		{
			name:                    "global-sa-serviceaccount",
			pluginCacheKeyType:      credentialproviderapi.GlobalPluginCacheKeyType,
			serviceAccountCacheType: kubeletconfig.ServiceAccountServiceAccountTokenCacheType,
			expectedCacheKeyFunc: func(t *testing.T, image string, saParams *cacheKeyParams) string {
				saKey := generateExpectedSACacheKey(t, saParams, kubeletconfig.ServiceAccountServiceAccountTokenCacheType)
				return generateExpectedCacheKey(t, globalCacheKey, saKey)
			},
		},
		{
			name:                    "global-sa-token",
			pluginCacheKeyType:      credentialproviderapi.GlobalPluginCacheKeyType,
			serviceAccountCacheType: kubeletconfig.TokenServiceAccountTokenCacheType,
			expectedCacheKeyFunc: func(t *testing.T, image string, saParams *cacheKeyParams) string {
				saKey := generateExpectedSACacheKey(t, saParams, kubeletconfig.TokenServiceAccountTokenCacheType)
				return generateExpectedCacheKey(t, globalCacheKey, saKey)
			},
		},
	}

	for _, tc := range testCases {
		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
			t.Parallel()
			var saTokenCacheType *kubeletconfig.ServiceAccountTokenCacheType
			if tc.serviceAccountCacheType != "" {
				saTokenCacheType = &tc.serviceAccountCacheType
			}
			pluginProvider := createTestPerPodPluginProvider(t, tc.pluginCacheKeyType, saTokenCacheType)

			// Test image and expected SA parameters
			testImage := "test.registry.io/foo/bar"
			var cacheTypeValue kubeletconfig.ServiceAccountTokenCacheType
			if saTokenCacheType != nil {
				cacheTypeValue = *saTokenCacheType
			}
			saParams := &cacheKeyParams{
				namespace:          "namespace",
				serviceAccountName: "service-account-name",
				serviceAccountUID:  "service-account-uid",
				saAnnotations: map[string]string{
					"prefix.io/annotation-1": "value1",
					"prefix.io/annotation-2": "value2",
				},
				podName:     "pod-name",
				podUID:      "pod-uid",
				saTokenHash: getHashIfNotEmpty("token"),
				cacheType:   cacheTypeValue,
			}

			dockerConfig, _ := pluginProvider.provideWithCoordinates(testImage)
			verifyDockerConfig(t, dockerConfig)

			// Verify the cache key is as expected
			expectedCacheKey := tc.expectedCacheKeyFunc(t, testImage, saParams)
			actualCacheKeys := pluginProvider.provider.cache.ListKeys()

			if len(actualCacheKeys) != 1 || actualCacheKeys[0] != expectedCacheKey {
				t.Errorf("Expected cache key %q, got %v", expectedCacheKey, actualCacheKeys)
			}

			// Test cache hit (nil out plugin to ensure cache is used)
			pluginProvider.provider.plugin = nil
			cachedConfig, _ := pluginProvider.provideWithCoordinates(testImage)
			verifyDockerConfig(t, cachedConfig)
		})
	}
}

func createTestPerPodPluginProvider(t *testing.T, pluginCacheKeyType credentialproviderapi.PluginCacheKeyType, saTokenCacheType *kubeletconfig.ServiceAccountTokenCacheType) *perPodPluginProvider {
	t.Helper()

	tclock := clock.RealClock{}

	provider := &pluginProvider{
		clock:          tclock,
		lastCachePurge: tclock.Now(),
		matchImages:    []string{"*.registry.io"},
		cache:          cache.NewExpirationStore(cacheKeyFunc, &cacheExpirationPolicy{clock: tclock}),
		plugin: &fakeExecPlugin{
			cacheKeyType:  pluginCacheKeyType,
			cacheDuration: time.Hour,
			auth: map[string]credentialproviderapi.AuthConfig{
				"*.registry.io": {
					Username: "user",
					Password: "password",
				},
			},
		},
	}

	// Add service account provider if needed
	if saTokenCacheType != nil {
		provider.serviceAccountProvider = &serviceAccountProvider{
			audience:                             "audience",
			requiredServiceAccountAnnotationKeys: []string{"prefix.io/annotation-1", "prefix.io/annotation-2"},
			cacheType:                            *saTokenCacheType,
			getServiceAccountFunc: func(namespace, name string) (*v1.ServiceAccount, error) {
				return &v1.ServiceAccount{
					ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
						Namespace: namespace,
						Name:      name,
						UID:       "service-account-uid",
						Annotations: map[string]string{
							"prefix.io/annotation-1": "value1",
							"prefix.io/annotation-2": "value2",
						},
					},
				}, nil
			},
			getServiceAccountTokenFunc: func(namespace, name string, tr *authenticationv1.TokenRequest) (*authenticationv1.TokenRequest, error) {
				return &authenticationv1.TokenRequest{Status: authenticationv1.TokenRequestStatus{Token: "token"}}, nil
			},
		}
	}

	return &perPodPluginProvider{
		provider:           provider,
		podName:            "pod-name",
		podNamespace:       "namespace",
		podUID:             types.UID("pod-uid"),
		serviceAccountName: "service-account-name",
	}
}

func generateExpectedSACacheKey(t *testing.T, params *cacheKeyParams, cacheType kubeletconfig.ServiceAccountTokenCacheType) string {
	t.Helper()

	params.cacheType = cacheType
	key, err := generateServiceAccountCacheKey(*params)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Failed to generate SA cache key: %v", err)
	}
	return key
}

func generateExpectedCacheKey(t *testing.T, baseKey, saCacheKey string) string {
	t.Helper()

	key, err := generateCacheKey(baseKey, saCacheKey)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Failed to generate cache key: %v", err)
	}
	return key
}

func verifyDockerConfig(t *testing.T, config credentialprovider.DockerConfig) {
	t.Helper()

	expected := credentialprovider.DockerConfig{
		"*.registry.io": credentialprovider.DockerConfigEntry{
			Username: "user",
			Password: "password",
		},
	}

	if !reflect.DeepEqual(config, expected) {
		t.Errorf("Docker config mismatch. Got %v, expected %v", config, expected)
	}
}