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Fix hpa scaling above max replicas w/ scaleUpLimit
**What this PR does / why we need it**:
Fix a bug where `desiredReplicas` could be greater than `maxReplicas`
if the original value for `desiredReplicas > scaleUpLimit` and
`scaleUpLimit > maxReplicas`. Previously, when that happened, we would
scale up to `scaleUpLimit`, and then in the next auto-scaling run, scale
down to `maxReplicas`. Address this issue and introduce a regression
test.
**Which issue this PR fixes**
fixes#53670
**Release note**:
```release-note
Address a bug which allowed the horizontal pod autoscaler to allocate `desiredReplicas` > `maxReplicas` in certain instances.
```
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