well as avoiding a switch statement. This change has no significant impact
to performance when branch prediction is successful at predicting the sizes
of objects passed to free(), but in the case that the object sizes are
semi-random, this change has the potential to prevent many branch prediction
misses, thus improving performance substantially.
Take advantage of alignment guarantees in ipalloc(), and pad object sizes to
something less than a power of two when possible. This has the potential
to substantially reduce internal fragmentation for objects allocated via
posix_memalign().
Avoid an unnecessary pow2_ceil() call in arena_ralloc().
Submitted by: djam8193ah@hotmail.com
and instead creating a small allocation for each malloc(0) call. The
optional SysV compatibility behavior remains unchanged.
Add a couple of assertions.
Fix a couple of typos in error message strings.
The text is correct in the "DESCRIPTION" section, so fix "SYNOPSIS"
to use the correct name.
PR: docs/90498
Submitted by: Vasil Dimov
MFC after: 3 days
If the initial buffer size (1KB) for the given group line is not big
enough, reset the offset. It helps to do not miss this line when
getrg() reallocates the larger buffer and tries to parse the line again.
PR: bin/52433, kern/55031, bin/83696, misc/97640, misc/98111
Submitted by: bsw71@mail.ru, Philip M. Gollucci, Justin Erenkrantz
Glanced at: nectar
MFC after: 1 month
objects with SF_IMMUTABLE, SF_APPEND, or SF_NOUNLINK.
* Document that non-superusers cannot set or clear any SF_* flag
(setting fails with EPERM, clearing is silently ignored).
* Document that superusers cannot change any flag if one of
SF_IMMUTABLE, SF_APPEND, SF_NOUNLINK is set and securelevel is
greater than 0.
* Document SF_SNAPSHOT and note that it is maintained by the
system and is, for this reason, impossible to set to clear by
any user.
PR: docs/33877
Submitted by: harti
Help by: George Marsellis <gam9478@njit.edu>
MFC after: 1 week
4kB pages), in order to avoid dangerous rounding error when calculating
fullness limits during run promotion/demotion.
Convert a structure bitfield to a normal field in areana_run_t. This should
have been changed along with the other fields in revision 1.120.
bounds. [1]
Modify logic for utilizing the data segment, such that it is possible to
create huge allocations there.
Shrink the data segment when deallocating a chunk, if it is at the end of
the data segment.
Rename chunk_size to csize in huge_malloc(), in order to avoid masking a
static variable of the same name. [1]
Reported by: Paul Allen <nospam@ugcs.caltech.edu>
as well as add __sparc_utrap_install to FBSD_1.0; these are required by
the SCD libc 64 psABI and thus meant to be officially exported symbols.
- Remove the __fpu_* entries as well as the __sigtramp entry altogether as
these are internal to the libc FPU emulation and the signal trampoline
initialization in sigaction(2) respectively and thus don't need to be
externally visible.
- Add __sparc_utrap_setup to the list of FBSDprivate symbols as it's used
in src/lib/csu/sparc64/crt1.c to initialize the libc FPU emulation (I
think alternatively src/lib/csu/sparc64/crt1.c could be changed to use
__sparc_utrap_install instead, at the expense of increasing the size of
executables a bit).
- Add an entry for the vfork symbol to the FBSD_1 list and entries for it's
associated symbols generated by the RSYSCALL() macro to the FBSDprivate
list. There's some magic in place that automatically generates code for
vfork() if there's no explicit MD code for it so it might make sense to
move these symbols from the MD symbol map files to a MI one.
The last two changes make the libc symbol versioning useable on sparc64.
Ok'ed by: deischen
races. This isn't currently necessary for libpthread or libthr, but
without it external threads libraries like the linuxthreads port are
not safe to use.
Reported by: ganbold@micom.mng.net
have to be calculated once per allocator operation.
Make nil const.
Update various comments.
Remove/avoid division where possible.
For the one division operation that remains in the critical path, add a
switch statement that has a case for each small size class, and do division
with a constant divisor in each case. This allows the compiler to generate
optimized code that does not use hardware division [1].
Obtained from: peter [1]
this is used by some 3rd party applications when {e,f,g}cvt() are
not found. POSIX defines the xcvt() funtions but says they are
deprecated in favor or sprintf(). We'll import these functions
from OpenBSD and remove __gdtoa() from the exported interfaces
when libc version is bumped.
* Avoid choosing an arena until it's certain that an arena is needed
for allocation.
* Convert division/multiplication to bitshifting where possible.
* Avoid accessing TLS variables in single-threaded code.
* Reduce the amount of pointer dereferencing.
* Move lock acquisition in critical paths to only protect the the code
that requires synchronization, and completely remove locking where
possible.
uses them.
Now, we have res_nupdate and res_nmkupdate as well, but they are
still based on our old resolver for binary backward compatibility.
So, they don't provide new features such as TSIG support.
Reported by: pointyhat via kris
FBSDprivate locale symbols. These functions are needed by
libcompat.
Add _cleanup to the list of stdio FBSDprivate symbols. Some
third party applications use this. This will be removed and
replaced by fcloseall() once libc version is bumped.
Add _res to the list of resolv symbols.
Found by: portbuilder runs (thanks Kris!)
determine its value at run time according to other relevant values. This
avoids the creation of runs that are incompletely utilized, as long as
pagesize isn't too large (>32kB, given the current RUN_MIN_REGS_2POW
setting).
Increase the size of several structure bitfields in arena_run_t in order
to avoid integer overflow in the case that a run's header does not overlap
with the space that is usable as application allocation regions. Given
the tiny_min_2pow change, this fix has no additional impact unless
pagesize is >32kB.
Reported by: kris
internally used chunk to start at the beginning of the heap, rather
than at a chunk-aligned address. This reduces mapped memory somewhat
for 32-bit architectures.
Add the arena_run_link_t type and use it wherever a run object is only
used as a ring 'header'. This saves approximately 40 kB of memory per
arena.
Remove an obsolete (no longer used) code path from base_alloc(), which
supported the internal allocation of objects larger than the chunk
size.
Enhance chunk_dealloc() to cache chunk addresses for all deallocated
chunks. This has no impact for most programs, but has the potential
to reduce VM map fragmentation for programs that use huge
allocations.
documentation bug. We switched to page indexes some time around
FreeBSD 2.2. The actual 'len' limit is the maximum file size or what
will fit in your address space, whichever comes first. It should be
possible to make 1TB files on 32 bit systems, but of course address space
runs out long before then.
Since, res_sendsigned(3) and the friends use MD5 functions, it is
hard to include them without having MD5 functions in libc. So,
res_sendsigned(3) is not merged into libc.
Since, res_update(3) in BIND9 is not binary compatible with our
res_update(3), res_update(3) is leaved as is, except some
necessary modifications.
The res_update(3) and the friends are not essential part of the
resolver. They are not defined in resolv.h but defined in
res_update.h separately in BIND9. Further, they are not called from
our tree. So, I hide them from our resolv.h, but leave them only
for binary backward compatibility (perhaps, no one calls them).
Since, struct __res_state_ext is not exposed in BIND9, I hide it
from our resolv.h. And, global variable _res_ext is removed. It
breaks binary backward compatibility. But, since it is not used from
outside of our libc, I think it is safe.
Reviewed by: arch@ (no objection)
that no linear searching is necessary if we resort to allocating from a
run that is known to be mostly full. There are pathological edge cases
that could have caused severely degraded performance, and this change
fixes that.
close enough to each other that reallocation would allocate a new region
of the same size. This improves the performance of repeated incremental
reallocations by up to three orders of magnitude. [1]
Fix arena_new() to properly constrain run size if a small chunk size was
specified during runtime configuration.
Suggested by: se [1]
allocation patterns that involve a relatively even mixture of many
different size classes.
Reduce the chunk size from 16 MB to 2 MB. Since chunks are now carved up
using an address-ordered first best fit policy, VM map fragmentation is
much less likely, which makes smaller chunks not as much of a risk. This
reduces the virtual memory size of most applications.
Remove redzones, since program buffer overruns are no longer as likely to
corrupt malloc data structures.
Remove the C MALLOC_OPTIONS flag, and add H and S.
disabled by default; add SYMVER_ENABLED=true to /etc/make.conf
to enable it. libc should get a version bump before this is
enabled by default.
Reviewed by: davidxu
Staticize two tables thare are not visible in <resolv.h>
and which are also local in Solaris' libresolv.
Remove two functions that are not referenced in libc nor
anywhere else I can find, not visible in <resolv.h> and
which are also local in Solaris libresolv.
Remove the block of code that tries to use delayed regions in LIFO order,
since from a policy perspective, it conflicts with LRU caching of newly
coalesced regions in arena_undelay(). There are numerous policy
alternatives, and it isn't readily obvious which (if any) is superior;
this change at least has the virtue of being consistent with policy.
Add %M{essage} extension which prints an errno value as the
corresponding string if possible or numerically otherwise.
It is not currently possible to do the syslog(3) like %m extension
because errno would need to get capatured on entry to the first
function in the printf family, so %M requires you to supply errno
as an argument.
Add %Q{uote} extension which will print a string in double quotes with
appropriate back-slash escapes (only) if necessary.
fit regions are available, use the delayed regions in LIFO order, in order
to increase locality of reference. We might expect this to cause delayed
regions to be removed from the delay ring buffer more often (since we're
now re-using more recently buffered regions), but numerous tests indicate
that the overall impact on memory usage tends to be good (reduced
fragmentation).
Re-work arena_frag_reg_alloc() so that when large free regions are
exhausted, it uses small regions in a way that favors contiguous allocation
of sequentially allocated small regions. Use arena_frag_reg_alloc() in
this capacity, rather than directly attempting over-fitting of small
requests when no large regions are available.
Remove the bin overfit statistic, since it is no longer relevant due to
the arena_frag_reg_alloc() changes.
Do not specify arena_frag_reg_alloc() as an inline function. It is too
large to benefit much from being inlined, and it is also called in two
places, only one of which is in the critical path (the other call bloated
arena_reg_alloc()).
Call arena_coalesce() for a region before caching it with
arena_mru_cache().
Add assertions that detect the attempted caching of adjacent free regions,
so that we notice this problem when it is first created, rather than in
arena_coalesce(), when it's too late to know how the problem arose.
Reported by: Hans Blancke
behaviour of returning EINVAL when ".." is passed as either argument
has been restored.
rmdir("..") now returns EINVAL instead of EPERM. Document the
previously undocumented behaviour of rmdir(".") returning EINVAL
as required by POSIX and SUSv3. Bump the man page change date.
undelete("..") now returns EINVAL instead of EPERM. Bump the man
page change date.
MFC after: 3 days
problems in cases where regions are faked up for the purposes of red-black
tree searches, since those faked region headers reside on the stack, rather
than in a malloc chunk.
allowing the error to be fatal.
Move a label in order to make sure to properly handle errors in malloc(0).
Reported by: Alastair D'Silva, Saneto Takanori
there is never any need to recursively call the main allocation functions.
Remove recursive spinlock support, since it is no longer needed.
Allow chunks to be as small as the page size.
Correctly propagate OOM errors from arena_new().
broken for non-threaded shared processes in that __tls_get_addr()
assumes the thread pointer is always initialized. This is not the
case. When arenas_map is referenced in choose_arena() and it is
defined as a thread-local variable, it will result in a SIGSEGV.
PR: ia64/91846 (describes the TLS/ia64 bug).
* Add posix_memalign().
* Move calloc() from calloc.c to malloc.c. Add a calloc() implementation in
rtld-elf in order to make the loader happy (even though calloc() isn't
used in rtld-elf).
* Add _malloc_prefork() and _malloc_postfork(), and use them instead of
directly manipulating __malloc_lock.
Approved by: phk, markm (mentor)
While we don't use the NC_BROADCAST value of nc_flag anywhere in the
RPC code, it is parseable by getnetconfigent(3) from /etc/netconfig.
o Clean up some "see below"'s that were cut and pasted from netconfig.h.
between a 32-bit integer and a radix-64 ASCII string. The l64a_r() function
is a NetBSD addition.
PR: 51209 (based on submission, but very different)
Reviewed by: bde, ru
to be compatible with symbol versioning support as implemented by
GNU libc and documented by http://people.redhat.com/~drepper/symbol-versioning
and LSB 3.0.
Implement dlvsym() function to allow lookups for a specific version of
a given symbol.
means:
o Remove Elf64_Quarter,
o Redefine Elf64_Half to be 16-bit,
o Redefine Elf64_Word to be 32-bit,
o Add Elf64_Xword and Elf64_Sxword for 64-bit entities,
o Use Elf_Size in MI code to abstract the difference between
Elf32_Word and Elf64_Word.
o Add Elf_Ssize as the signed counterpart of Elf_Size.
MFC after: 2 weeks
on probationary terms: it may go away again if it transpires it is
a bad idea.
This extensible printf version will only be used if either
environment variable USE_XPRINTF is defined
or
one of the extension functions are called.
or
the global variable __use_xprintf is set greater than zero.
In all other cases our traditional printf implementation will
be used.
The extensible version is slower than the default printf, mostly
because less opportunity for combining I/O operation exists when
faced with extensions. The default printf on the other hand
is a bad case of spaghetti code.
The extension API has a GLIBC compatible part and a FreeBSD version
of same. The FreeBSD version exists because the GLIBC version may
run afoul of our FILE * locking in multithreaded programs and it
even further eliminate the opportunities for combining I/O operations.
Include three demo extensions which can be enabled if desired: time
(%T), hexdump (%H) and strvis (%V).
%T can format time_t (%T), struct timeval (%lT) and struct timespec (%llT)
in one of two human readable duration formats:
"%.3llT" -> "20349.245"
"%#.3llT" -> "5h39m9.245"
%H will hexdump a sequence of bytes and takes a pointer and a length
argument. The width specifies number of bytes per line.
"%4H" -> "65 72 20 65"
"%+4H" -> "0000 65 72 20 65"
"%#4H" -> "65 72 20 65 |er e|"
"%+#4H" -> "0000 65 72 20 65 |er e|"
%V will dump a string in strvis format.
"%V" -> "Hello\tWor\377ld" (C-style)
"%0V" -> "Hello\011Wor\377ld" (octal)
"%+V" -> "Hello%09Wor%FFld" (http-style)
Tests, comments, bugreports etc are most welcome.
allocate a memory block. sscanf calls __svfscanf which in turn calls
fread, fread triggers mutex initialization but the mutex is not
destroyed in sscanf, this leads to memory leak. To avoid the memory
leak and performance issue, we create a none MT-safe version of fread:
__fread, and instead let __svfscanf call __fread.
PR: threads/90392
Patch submitted by: dhartmei
MFC after: 7 days
For some denormalized long double values, a bug in __hldtoa() (called
from *printf()'s %A format) results in a base 16 digit being rounded
up from 0xf to 0x10.
When this digit is subsequently converted to string format, an index
of 10 reaches past the end of the uppper-case hex/char array, picking
up whatever the code segment happen to contain at that address.
This mostly seem to be some character from the upper half of the
byte range.
When using the %a format instead of %A, the first character past
the end of the lowercase hex/char table happens to be index 0 in
the uppercase hex/char table hextable and therefore the string
representation features a '0', which is supposedly correct.
This leads me to belive that the proper fix _may_ be as simple as
masking all but the lower four bits off after incrementing a hex-digit
in libc/gdtoa/_hdtoa.c:roundup(). I worry however that the upper
bit in 0x10 indicates a carry not carried.
Until das@ or bde@ finds time to visit this issue, extend the
hexdigit arrays with a 17th index containing '?' so that we get a
invalid but consistent and printable output in both %a and %A formats
whenever this bug strikes.
This unmasks the bug in the %a format therefore solving the real
issue may both become easier and more urgent.
Possibly related to: PR 85080
With help by: bde@
Switch strncpy to strlcpy suggested by gad and issue found by pjd.
Add to uname(3) man page describing:
UNAME_s
UNAME_r
UNAME_v
UNAME_m
Add to getosreldate(3) man page describing:
OSVERSION
Submitted by: ru, pjd/gad
Reviewed by: ru (man pages)
FreeBSD machine. To do this add the man 1 uname changes to __xuname.c
so we can override the settings it reports. Add OSVERSION override
to getosreldate. Finally which Makefile.inc1 to use uname -m instead
of sysctl -n hw.machine_arch to get the arch. type.
With these change you can put a complete FreeBSD OS image into a
chroot set:
UNAME_s=FreeBSD
UNAME_r=4.7-RELEASE
UNAME_v="FreeBSD $UNAME_r #1: Fri Jul 22 20:32:52 PDT 2005 fake@fake:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/FAKE"
UNAME_m=i386
UNAME_p=i386
OSVERSION=470000
on an amd64 or i386 and it just work including building ports and using
pkg_add -r etc. The caveat for this example is that these patches
have to be applied to FreeBSD 4.7 and the uname(1) changes need to
be merged. This also addresses issue with libtool.
This is usefull for when a build machine has been trashed for an
old release and we want to do a build on a new machine that FreeBSD
4.7 won't run on ...
other systems it prevents a tty from becoming a controlling tty on the
open. O_SYNC is the POSIX name for O_FSYNC.
The Markup Police may need to tweak my references to standards.
define also, but res_config.h was not included into libc/net/name6.c.
So getipnodebyaddr() ignored the multiple PTRs.
PR: kern/88241
Submitted by: Dan Lukes <dan__at__obluda.cz>
MFC after: 3 days
Change first MAXPATHLEN to more standard PATH_MAX
Change second MAXPATHLEN to 1024 (it is temp buffer not related)
Change comment to reflect that.
Suggested by: bde
just use MAXPATHLEN. It prevents potential buffer overflow with other
malloc implementations.
(this change based on submitted patch)
PR: 86135
Submitted by: Trevor Blackwell <tlb@tlb.org>
than the value of backlog argument.
- Document the fact that a subsequent listen(2) calls on the listening
socket change the backlog argument.
- Note that current listen queue lengths can be queried using netstat(1).
Submitted by: Igor Sysoev <is rambler-co.ru>
Wording by: gnn
It is the binary equivalent to strstr(3).
void *memmem(const void *big, size_t big_len,
const void *little, size_t little_len);
Submitted by: Pascal Gloor <pascal.gloor at spale.com>
MFC after: 3 days
inadvertently match a negative char in the RE being compiled.
This fixes compilation of "\376" (as an ERE) and "\376\376" (as a BRE).
PR: 84740
MFC after: 1 week
and writev() except that they take an additional offset argument and do
not change the current file position. In SAT speak:
preadv:readv::pread:read and pwritev:writev::pwrite:write.
- Try to reduce code duplication some by merging most of the old
kern_foov() and dofilefoo() functions into new dofilefoo() functions
that are called by kern_foov() and kern_pfoov(). The non-v functions
now all generate a simple uio on the stack from the passed in arguments
and then call kern_foov(). For example, read() now just builds a uio and
calls kern_readv() and pwrite() just builds a uio and calls kern_pwritev().
PR: kern/80362
Submitted by: Marc Olzheim marcolz at stack dot nl (1)
Approved by: re (scottl)
MFC after: 1 week
a tty device instead of the legacy minor number approach. This is known to
fix gnome-vfs' sftp module as well as kio_sftp and kdesu on -CURRENT.
Thanks to scottl for the snprintf() approach idea.
Reviewed by: phk
Tested by: pav
mich
Approved by: re (scottl)
Like on libthr, there is an i386_set_gsbase() stub implementation here
to avoid libc.so.5 issues. This should likely be a weak symbol and I
expect this will be fixed soon.
Approved by: re
Compliance Definition. On sparc64, GCC emits _Qp_cmp() calls for its
__builtin_isfoo() functions which are used for C99's isfoo() macros.
Approved by: re(dwhite)
PR: 73782
method of executing commands remotely. There are no rexec clients in
the FreeBSD tree, and the client function rexec(3) is present only in
libcompat. It has been documented as "obsolete" since 4.3BSD, and its
use has been discouraged in the man page for over 10 years.
reflects the actual behavior of the API
for listing extended attributes.
PR: docs/79261
Submitted by: rodrigc
Reviewed by: rwatson, kan
Approved by: das (mentor)
aio_write(2) completion through kevent(2). This method does not work on
64-bit architectures. It was deprecated in FreeBSD 4.4. See revisions
1.87 and 1.70.2.7.
Change aio_physwakeup() to call psignal(9) directly rather than indirectly
through a timeout(9). Discussed with: bde
Correct a bug introduced in revision 1.65 that could result in premature
delivery of a signal if an lio_listio(2) consisted of a mixture of
direct/raw and queued I/O operations. Observed by: tegge
Eliminate a field from struct kaioinfo that is now unused.
Reviewed by: tegge
netent.
- Change 1st argument of getnetbyaddr() to an uint32_t on 64 bit
arch as well to confirm to POSIX-2001.
These changes break ABI compatibility on 64 bit arch.
There is similar padding issue for ai_addrlen of struct addrinfo.
However, it is leaved as is for now.
Discussed on: arch@, standards@ and current@
X-MFC after: never
long (and unsigned long long) to long double conversions.
- Add a parameter that specifies the position of the sign bit to the _QP_TTOQ
macro, previously it always looked at bit 31. Pass a negative number to
disable sign inspection for unsigned types. This fixes _Qp_xtoq(),
_Qp_uitoq() and _Qp_uxtoq().
- In the functions __fpu_itof() and __fpu_xtof(), look at the sign bit to
decide whether we're doing a conversion from an unsigned type. If so, don't
negate the mantissa if the integer exceeds the biggest signed number.
PR: 55773
Patch by: Stephen Paskaluk (based upon)
MFC after: 2 weeks
RFC 2553. In XNS5.2, and subsequently in POSIX-2001 and RFC
3493, it was changed to a socklen_t. And, the n_net of a
struct netent used to be an unsigned long integer. In XNS5,
and subsequently in POSIX-2001, it was changed to an uint32_t.
To accomodate for this while preserving ABI compatibility with
the old interface, we need to prepend or append 32 bits of
padding, depending on the (LP64) architecture's endianness.
- Correct 1st argument of getnetbyaddr() to uint32_t on 32
bit arch. Stay as is on 64 bit arch for ABI backward
compatibility for now.
Reviewed by: das, peter
MFC after: 2 weeks
Reviewed by: rwatson at freebsd dot org
Approved by: rwatson at freebsd dot org
MFC after: 1 week
Fix the matchlen() function so that it handles the IPv4 (AF_INET)
case correctly. Until now it has been treating IPv4 addresses
as if they were IPv6 which could lead to corruption errors.
return the buffer immediately. This will permit ssh and/or PAM logins
broken by previous commit.
The (potential) underlying problem is still under investigation.
Point hat to: me
different from what has been offered in libc_r (the one spotted in the
original PR which is found in libthr has already been removed by David's
commit, which is rev. 1.44 of lib/libthr/thread/thr_private.h):
- Use POSIX standard prototype for ttyname_r, which is,
int ttyname_r(int, char *, size_t);
Instead of:
char *ttyname_r(int, char *, size_t);
This is to conform IEEE Std 1003.1, 2004 Edition [1].
- Since we need to use standard errno for return code, include
errno.h in ttyname.c
- Update ttyname(3) implementation according to reflect the API
change.
- Document new ttyname_r(3) behavior
- Since we already make use of a thread local storage for
ttyname(3), remove the BUGS section.
- Remove conflicting ttyname_r related declarations found in libc_r.
Hopefully this change should not have changed the API/ABI, as the ttyname_r
symbol was never introduced before the last unistd.h change which happens a
couple of days before.
[1] http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/ttyname.html
Requested by: Tom McLaughlin <tmclaugh sdf lonestar org>
Through PR: threads/76938
Patched by: Craig Rodrigues <rodrigc crodrigues org> (with minor changes)
Prompted by: mezz@
negative (in addition to returning EINVAL when called on a descriptor
that is not a socket).
Submitted by: Arne H Juul <arnej@europe.yahoo-inc.com>
PR: docs/80587
(((truncate to zero length) or (create)) (text file)) (for writing)
and not
((truncate file to zero length) or (create text file)) (for writing)
MFC after: 1 week
- Use /*- instead of /* for copyright section
- Include unistd.h for prototype of it
- Sort and separate includes as described in style(9)
- ANSIfy the function defination
- Use const for the traversing iterator
any query.
- don't query against IPv6 link-local address.
- use IN6_IS_ADDR_V4{MAPPED,COMPAT} macros.
- use memcpy() instead of bcopy().
Inspired by: NetBSD
getnameinfo(3). POSIX standard does not require a sa_len field
in sockaddr struct, hence such requirement will cause problem
for portability.
PR: standards/80008
Requested by: Xin Liu <lx@knight.6test.edu.cn>
Reviewed by: freebsd-standards (das)
MFC After: 2 weeks
a return instruction. (The latter is discouraged by the Opteron
optimization manual because it disables branch prediction for the return
instruction.)
Reviewed by: bde
implementations inspired by the ones in DragonFly. Unlike the
DragonFly versions, these have a small data cache footprint, and my
tests show that they're never slower than the old code except when the
charset or the span is 0 or 1 characters. This implementation is
generally faster than DragonFly until either the charset or the span
gets in the ballpark of 32 to 64 characters.
these at the moment, but applications that test for them will now
have a better chance of compiling.
I have intentionally omitted errnos that are only good for STREAMS,
since apps that use STREAMS won't compile anyway. The exception is
EPROTO, which was apparently intended for STREAMS, but worth having
anyway because Linux (mis)uses it for other things.
to mistakes from day 1, it has always had semantics inconsistent with
SVR4 and its successors. In particular, given argument M:
- On Solaris and FreeBSD/{alpha,sparc64}, it clobbers the old flags
and *sets* the new flag word to M. (NetBSD, too?)
- On FreeBSD/{amd64,i386}, it *clears* the flags that are specified in M
and leaves the remaining flags unchanged (modulo a small bug on amd64.)
- On FreeBSD/ia64, it is not implemented.
There is no way to fix fpsetsticky() to DTRT for both old FreeBSD apps
and apps ported from other operating systems, so the best approach
seems to be to kill the function and fix any apps that break. I
couldn't find any ports that use it, and any such ports would already
be broken on FreeBSD/ia64 and Linux anyway.
By the way, the routine has always been undocumented in FreeBSD,
except for an MLINK to a manpage that doesn't describe it. This
manpage has stated since 5.3-RELEASE that the functions it describes
are deprecated, so that must mean that functions that it is *supposed*
to describe but doesn't are even *more* deprecated. ;-)
Note that fpresetsticky() has been retained on FreeBSD/i386. As far
as I can tell, no other operating systems or ports of FreeBSD
implement it, so there's nothing for it to be inconsistent with.
PR: 75862
Suggested by: bde
bit in a long double. For architectures that don't have such a bit,
LDBL_NBIT is 0. This makes it possible to say `mantissa & ~LDBL_NBIT'
in places that previously used an #ifdef to select the right expression.
The optimizer should dispense with the extra arithmetic when LDBL_NBIT
is 0 anyway.
- Add an XXX comment for the big endian case.
bit in a long double. For architectures that don't have such a bit,
LDBL_NBIT is 0. This makes it possible to say `mantissa & ~LDBL_NBIT'
in places that previously used an #ifdef to select the right expression.
The optimizer should dispense with the extra arithmetic when LDBL_NBIT
is 0.
surrounding the undef'ing it. It does not seem necessary to
undef some symbol that is not exist, and gcc does not complain
about whether a symbol is exist before #undef'ing it out.
Spotted by: mingyanguo via ChinaUnix.net forum
Reviewed by: phk
it type and endian clean and removing of stdio dependency from NLS
functions (catalog files now are processed via mmap())
Also following changes were done (against NetBSD version):
. If mmap() failed, set errno to EINVAL and do not try to munmap() file
Obtained from: NetBSD
. Replace inclusion of sys/param.h to sys/cdefs.h and sys/types.h where
appropriate.
. move _*_init() prototypes to mblocal.h, and remove these prototypes
from .c files
. use _none_init() in __setrunelocale() instead of duplicating code
. move __mb* variables from table.c to none.c allowing us to not to
export _none_*() externs, and appropriately remove them from mblocal.h
Ok'ed by: tjr
introducing the disk formats for _RuneLocale and friends.
The disk formats do not have (useless) pointers and have 32-bit
quantities instead of rune_t and long. (htonl(3) only works
with 32-bit quantities, so there's no loss).
Bootstrap mklocale(1) when necessary. (Bootstrapping from 4.x
would be trivial (verified), but we no longer provide pre-5.3
source upgrades and this is the first commit to actually break
it.)
manpages. They are not very related, so separating them makes it
easier to add meaningful cross-references and extend some of the
descriptions.
- Move the part of math(3) that discusses IEEE 754 to the ieee(3)
manpage.
FreeBSD currently implements the most up to date IPv6 APIs for
option and route header parsing. This checkin marks the older APIs
as deprecated and points the reader to the newer pages.
Reviewed by: Jun-ichiro Itojun
Approved by: rwatson (mentor)
- Although ldexp() is in libc for backwards compatibility, ldexpf() is
in its proper place in libm. Document both as being in libm.
- The ldexp() and ldexpf() functions conform to C99.
- Neither frexp() nor frexpf() set errno.
- Although frexp() is in libc for backwards compatibility, frexpf() is
in its proper place in libm. Document both as being in libm.
- The frexp() and frexpf() functions conform to C99.
Reviewed by: Kame Project (including Itojun-san, Jinmei-san and Suzuki-san)
Approved by: Robert Watson (robert at freebsd dot org)
Obtained from: Kame Project and OpenBSD
Replace manual pages that may have violated the IETF's Copyright.
All come from the Kame tree.
Several were from OpenBSD except for ip6.4, and the inet6* pages which were
rewritten by me.
All of the text is new and drawn from reading the code and
documentation.
Approved by: Robert Watson (robert at freebsd dot org)
Remove files in preparation for replacement with totally new versions
of the manual pages.
Update the Makefile to handle the new file to be added.
scalbn() implementation from libm. (The two functions are defined to
be identical, but ldexp() lives in libc for backwards compatibility.)
The old ldexp() implementation...
- was more complicated than this one
- set errno instead of raising FP exceptions
- got some corner cases wrong
(e.g. ldexp(1.0, 2000) in round-to-zero mode)
The new implementation lives in libc/gen instead of
libc/$MACHINE_ARCH/gen, since we don't need N copies of a
machine-independent file. The amd64 and i386 platforms
retain their fast and correct MD implementations and
override this one.
really so.
"If the value of base is 16, the characters 0x or 0X may optionally
precede the sequence of letters and digits, following the sign if
present."
Found by: joerg
instead use the FPU to convert subnormals to normals. (NB: Further
simplification is possible, such as using the FPU for the rounding
step.)
This fixes a bug reported by stefanf where long double subnormals in
the Intel 80-bit format would be output with one fewer digit than
necessary when the default precision was used.
Eliminate gdtoa.mk and move its contents to ${MACHINE_ARCH}/Makefile.inc.
The purpose of having a separate file involved an abandoned scheme that
would have kept contrib/gdtoa out of the include path for the rest of libc.
GNU) for determining whether a string is an affirmative or negative
response to a question according to the current locale. This is done
by matching the response against nl_langinfo(3) items YESEXPR and NOEXPR.
make utilities like du(1) 64bit-clean.
When this field is used, one cannot use 'fts_number' and 'fts_pointer'
fields.
This commit doesn't break API nor ABI.
This work is part of the BigDisk project:
http://www.FreeBSD.org/projects/bigdisk/
Discussed on: arch@
MFC after: 5 days
which doesn't end in \n, since it may be very confusing. Also this should
increase consistency, since most other config files work just fine regardless
of the presence of traling \n in the last line.
MFC After: 2 weeks
a "null pointer".''
Making good use of the excellent explanations sent to me by Ruslan
Ermilov, Garrett Wollman and Bruce Evans, correct the descriptions of
null pointers. They are just "null pointers", not nil, not NULL or
".Dv NULL".
Suggested by: ru, wollman, bde
Reviewed by: ru, wollman
Pointy hat: keramida
sigdelset(3) and sigismember(3) were killed about five years ago.
o The functions (specifically sigismember(3)) could return -1 and
set errno.
PR: bin/75156
Obtained from: NetBSD
MFC after: 2 weeks
o Bump the date of the document.
http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/swab.html
the prototype for swab() should be in <unistd.h> and not in <string.h>.
Move it, and update to match SUS. Leave the prototype in string.h for
now, for backwards compat.
PR: 74751
Submitted by: Craig Rodrigues <rodrigc@crodrigues.org>
Discussed with: das
operation (by subtracting the absolute result from 0), don't test
for overflow.
This avoids an arithmetic exception when dividing LONG_MIN by 1:
This is the only case that causes overflow, and the resulting value
is correct under 2's compliment arithmetic.
PR: 72024
Approved by: dwmalone@
Obtained from: NetBSD
MFC after: 4 days
reading past 'stop' in various places when converting multibyte characters.
Reading too far caused truncation to not be detected when it should have
been, eventually causing regexec() to loop infinitely in with certain
combinations of patterns and strings in multibyte locales.
PR: 74020
MFC after: 4 weeks
is supported.
-Document the new more preferred syntax
-Add examples for the new syntax
-Add a note that the old syntax will be deprecated in the future.
Reviewed by: rwatson
If turned on no NIS support and related programs will be built.
Lost parts rediscovered by: Danny Braniss <danny at cs.huji.ac.il>
PR: bin/68303
No objections: des, gshapiro, nectar
Reviewed by: ru
Approved by: rwatson (mentor)
MFC after: 2 weeks
seed, the random number generator rand(3) still sucks and is unlikely
sufficient for crypto use. Correct what appears to be a cut and paste
error from the srandomdev() man page.
Submitted by: Ben Mesander
can't use the i386_set_ldt() family of routines, because they are not
implemented. Instead, use the recently exposed direct access sysarch
routines for setting what %fs and %gs point to.
Use this for the i386 TLS _set_tp() routine, but only when compiling to
run as a 32 bit support binary for amd64 kernels.
syslog(3) if we are a priveleged program (sshd, su, etc.).
- Make syslogd open an additional socket /var/run/logpriv, with 0600
permissions.
- In libc, try to use this socket.
- Do not loop forever if we are using this socket (partial backout of 1.31)
Reviewed by: dwmalone, Andrea Campi <andrea webcom it>
Approved by: julian (mentor)
MFC after: 1 month
_(use space as padding), and 0(zero padding).
These GNU extensions are widely used ones that is worthy for us to
have.
Discussed with: stefanf, roam, -current
Approved by: murray
Prodded by: ports/72722, ports/72723
MFC After: 1 month
Requested by: bde
o Remove unneeded sys/types.h and netinet/in.h from the synopsis and
the example.
o We do have struct in_addr in arpa/inet.h, so no need for netinet/in.h.
o Mention where AF_* constants defined are.
Educated by: bde
__isnan() and __isnanf() must remain in libc for hysterical raisins.
On the other hand, __isnanl() must live in libm because libm uses it
internally and can't depend on older versions of libc to provide it.
Fortunately, we don't need __isnanl() in both libraries.
Prodded by: ale
PR: 71698
MT5 candidate
caused by refering broken (uninitialized?) pointer which is retrieved
from __bt_new() (and from mpool_new()).
I don't know why this linp[0] is read before stored because this
should be controlled by .lower and .upper member of PAGE structure
which are correctly initialized.
But this workaround fixes the problem on my environment and this
module has #ifdef PURIFY option which initializes new and reused
memory from mpool by memset(p, 0xff, size) like as I did.
Please feel free to fix the real bug instead of my workaround.
multibyte character support:
- In CHadd(), avoid writing past the end of the character set bitmap when
the opposite-case counterpart of wide characters with values less than
NC have values greater than or equal to NC.
- In CHaddtype(), fix a braino that caused alphabetic characters to be
added to all character classes! (but only with REG_ICASE)
PR: 71367
By using r8 instead of r14 to do the swap, we put the dst argument
in the return register. Since bcopy() doesn't clobber r8, we don't
have to do anything else. This fixes ports/textproc/aspell.
documenting the obsoleteness of the msync(2) syscall and its single
remaining purpose.
PR: 70916
Submitted by: Radim Kolar <hsn@netmag.cz>
MFC after: 3 days
mpool_open(3) - it is *not* really used for synchronization; in fact,
it is not used at all.
PR: 70929
Submitted by: Martin Kammerhofer <dada@sbox.tugraz.at>
MFC after: 3 days
_mcount() stub when profiling is enabled. Emit this code sequence
for assembly routines as welli (MCOUNT definition in <machine/asm.h>.
We do not pass the GOT entry however as the 4th argument, because it's
not used. The _mcount() stub calls __mcount(), which does the actual
work. Define _MCOUNT_DECL to define __mcount. We do not have an
implementation of mcount(), so we define MCOUNT as empty, but have a
weak alias to _mcount() in _mcount.S.
Note that the _mcount() stub in the kernel is slightly different from
the stub in userland. This is because we do not have to worry about
nested routines in the kernel.
64 bit systems, years roughly -2^31 through 2^31 can be represented in
time_t without any trouble. 32 bit time_t systems only range from
roughly 1902 through 2038. As a consequence, none of the date munging
code for all the various calendar tweaks before then is present. There
are other problems including the fact that there was no 'year zero' and
so on. So rather than get excited about trying to figure out when the
calendar jumped by two weeks etc, simply disallow negative (ie: prior to
1900) years.
This happens to have an important side effect. If you bzero a 'struct
tm', it corresponds to 'Jan 0, 1900, 00:00 GMT'. This happens to be
representable (after canonification) in 64 bit time_t space. Zero tm
structs are generally an error and mktime normally returns -1 for them.
Interestingly, it tries to canonify the 'jan 0' to 'dec 31, 1899', ie:
year -1. This conveniently trips the negative year test above, which
means we can trivially detect the null 'tm' struct.
This actually tripped up code at work. :-/ (Don't ask)
19 column positions wide in the first line and 20 in the rest of the lines.
This fixes the example to provide the correct output.
PR: 53454
Noticed by: Kuang-che Wu <kcwu@kcwu.homeip.net>
Submitted by: Marc Silver <marcs@draenor.org>
Approved by: re (scottl)
example. The externs haven't been needed in about 10 years, so
there's no reason to have them other than for hysterical raisins. And
the California Rasins haven't been around for a long time...
to describe the 4.4BSD extension of accepting arguments outside the range
of unsigned char. This gives us freedom to remove this extension when we
remove the <rune.h> interface in FreeBSD 6.
These convert plain ASCII characters in-line, making them only slightly
slower than the single-byte ("NONE" encoding) version when processing
ASCII strings.
convenient when the source string isn't null-terminated.
Implement the other conversion functions (mbstowcs(), mbsrtowcs(), wcstombs(),
wcsrtombs()) in terms of these new functions.
for statfs(2). This is false, if the pathname specified
is a regular file, then the information for the file
system that the file lives on will be returned.
Approved by: bmilekic (mentor)
gcc is using. This fixes devstat consumers (like vmstat, iostat,
systat) so they don't print crazy zillion digit numbers for
disk transfers and bandwidth.
According to gcc, long doubles are 64-bits, rather than 128 bits
like the SVR4 ABI spec wants them to be.. Note that MacOSX also treats
long doubles as 64-bits, and not 128 bits, so we are in good company.
Reviewed by: das
Approved by: grehan
- It was added to libc instead of libm. Hopefully no programs rely
on this mistake.
- It didn't work properly on large long doubles because its argument
was converted to type double, resulting in undefined behavior.
The getfsstat(2) function expects a buffer and a count, and returns a count.
The confusing part is that the count it takes is a byte count, while the
return value is a count of the number of structures it has filled out.
Spell this out.
idea is that we perform multibyte->wide character conversion while parsing
and compiling, then convert byte sequences to wide characters when they're
needed for comparison and stepping through the string during execution.
As with tr(1), the main complication is to efficiently represent sets of
characters in bracket expressions. The old bitmap representation is replaced
by a bitmap for the first 256 characters combined with a vector of individual
wide characters, a vector of character ranges (for [A-Z] etc.), and a vector
of character classes (for [[:alpha:]] etc.).
One other point of interest is that although the Boyer-Moore algorithm had
to be disabled in the general multibyte case, it is still enabled for UTF-8
because of its self-synchronizing nature. This greatly speeds up matching
by reducing the number of multibyte conversions that need to be done.
consequently the exponent is only 11 bits. Testing whether the
exponent equals 32767 in that case only effects to compiler warnings
and thus build breakage.
isnormal() the hard way, rather than relying on fpclassify(). This is
a lose in the sense that we need a total of 12 functions, but it is
necessary for binary compatibility because we have never bumped libm's
major version number. In particular, isinf(), isnan(), and isnanf()
were BSD libc functions before they were C99 macros, so we can't
reimplement them in terms of fpclassify() without adding a dependency
on libc.so.5. I have tried to arrange things so that programs that
could be compiled in FreeBSD 4.X will generate the same external
references when compiled in 5.X. At the same time, the new macros
should remain C99-compliant.
The isinf() and isnan() functions remain in libc for historical
reasons; however, I have moved the functions that implement the macros
isfinite() and isnormal() to libm where they belong. Moreover,
half a dozen MD versions of isinf() and isnan() have been replaced
with MI versions that work equally well.
Prodded by: kris
class. This is necessary in order to implement tr(1) efficiently in
multibyte locales, since the brute force method of finding all characters
in a class is infeasible with a 32-bit (or wider) wchar_t.
under the RETURN VALUES section so it is consistent with others.
Cleanup the return value text for getenv(3) a little while I am here.
PR: docs/58033
MFC after: 3 days
with ``__'' to avoid polluting the namespace. This doesn't change the
documented rune interface at all, but breaks applications that accessed
_RuneLocale directly.
This is a corresponding change to bin/67994. I'll soon commit
bin/67994 into 4-STABLE. Actually, 5-CURRENT's getaddrinfo()
doesn't have the problem mentiond in bin/67994. However, it is
good to be in sync variable name with 4-STABLE and KAME.
PR: bin/67994
Submitted by: JINMEI Tatuya <jinmei@ocean.jinmei.org>
permission), try to continue in FTS_DONTCHDIR mode. Of course this
won't work for long paths, but we can't descend more than one pathname
component beyond the directory anyway if we lack search permission.
Here is a transcript demonstrating the change, where oldls is ls(1)
linked with the old fts(3):
das@VARK:~> mkdir t && touch t/{a,b,c} && chmod u-x t
das@VARK:~> oldls t
a b c
das@VARK:~> oldls -l t
das@VARK:~> \ls t
a b c
das@VARK:~> \ls -l t
ls: a: Permission denied
ls: b: Permission denied
ls: c: Permission denied
I had forgotten about this patch until bde reminded me. He reports
using it without problems for over a year.
PR: 45723
writable. Affected callers include fwrite(), put?(), and *printf().
The issue of whether this is the right errno for funopened streams is
unresolved, but that's an obscure case, and some errno is better than
no errno.
Discussed with: bde, jkh
reflect src/libexec/rtld-elf/rtld.c rev. 1.68 - the globally-loaded
objects (RTLD_GLOBAL) are searched before the local object's DAG's.
PR: 62770
Submitted by: Kimura Fuyuki <fuyuki@nigredo.org>
multibyte representation in conversion state objects, store the
accumulated wide character, set number and number of bytes remaining
to avoid having to derive them every time mbrtowc() is called.
through byte by byte with mbrtowc(). In the usual case (buffer is big
enough to contain the multibyte character, character does not straddle
buffer boundary) this results in only one call to mbrtowc() for each
wide character read.
to the initial state when a stream is opened or seeked upon. Use the
stream's conversion state object instead of a freshly-zeroed one in
fgetwc(), fputwc() and ungetwc().
This is only a performance improvement for now, but it would also be
required in order to support state-dependent encodings.
of fcntl(2), flock(2), and lockf(3) advisory locks.
Add such a paragraph to the flock(2) manpage for the
sake of consistency.
Reviewed by: Cyrille Lefevre and Kirk McKusick on -arch
MFC after: 2 weeks
Correct my previous commit and add a comment to the manpage
indicating that the user must set errno to 0 if they wish to
distinguish "no such user" from "error".
Pointed out by: Jacques Vidrine (nectar@)
low bound, and the number of bytes remaining instead of storing the
raw byte sequence and deriving them every time mbrtowc() is called.
This is much faster -- about twice as fast in some crude benchmarks.
Remove "sys/types.h" as "sys/param.h" is already included
Use cast rather than back-pointer to convert from public to private
version of FTS data, and so avoid littering fts.h with any of the
details.
Pointed out By: bde, kientzle
"A trailing newline is added if none is present."
The code in syslogd, stderr, and console output always adds a newline
at the EOL. However, the existing code never actually removed a
trailing newline, and apparently relied on syslogd to convert it
into a space character. Thus, the existing newline was converted
to a trailing space at the EOL by syslogd, while stderr, and console
output resulted in an empty line.
MFC after: 2 weeks
RuneRange arrays. This is much faster when there are hundreds of
ranges (as is the case in UTF-8 locales) and was inspired by a
similar change made by Apple in Darwin.
of stat(2) calls by keeping an eye of the number of links a directory
has. It assumes that each subdirectory will have a hard link to its
parent, to represent the ".." node, and stops calling stat(2) when
all links are accounted for in a given directory.
This assumption is really only valid for UNIX-like filesystems: A
concrete example is NTFS. The NTFS "i-node" does contain a link
count, but most/all directories have a link count between 0 and 2
inclusive. The end result is that find on an NTFS volume won't
actually traverse the entire hierarchy of the directories passed
to it. (Those with a link count of two are not traversed at all)
The fix checks the "UFSness" of the filesystem before enabling the
optimisation.
Reviewed By: Tim Kientzle (kientzle@)
*printf() and *scanf(). Currently, this reduces the size of libc.so
by 9K on i386. But the real savings are for static binaries that use
*printf() or *scanf() but not strtod(); with an FP-disabled libc,
these binaries will not depend on the gdtoa routines, making each
binary about 22K smaller.
floating-point support, remove default definition of FLOATING_POINT
from the source, and change the compile-time option to
NO_FLOATING_POINT.
- Remove the HEXFLOAT option. It saves an insignificant amount of
space (<0.1% of the size of libc on i386) and complicates vfprintf()
and checkfmt().
after their change from an array of char to an array of enum.
This fixes problems that occurred when using positional arguments in
format strings, particularly with more than STATIC_ARG_TBL_SIZE (8)
of them.
PR: 65841
Submitted by: Steven Smith (mostly)
adjunct maps are used. One symtom of this bug is sshd saying:
login_get_lastlog: Cannot find account for uid X
when logging in. The problem here is caused by an incorrect reuse of the rv
variable when previous values are needed later.
res_search only incremented got_servfail for h_errno == TRY_AGAIN *AND*
hp->rcode == SERVFAIL. However, there are cases such as timeouts where
rcode is not always set to SERVFAIL. This leads to inconsistent nameserver
operation during multi-domain and truncated dot searches, especially during
booting when portions of the network are being brought up simultanious with
dns lookups.
This patch attempts to correct the problem by unconditionally terminating
the search if TRY_AGAIN is returned (after res_query has gone through all
retries and name servers) instead of trying other domain elements in the
domain seach path.
This patch should fix reported problems (which I can reproduce) with some
NFS mounts failing during boot. This occured because mount_nfs thought the
host name lookup returned a definitive failure using a non-dotted host name
when, in fact, it timed out on the first part (host.search.domain.name) and
got a definitive host-not-found response on the second part (host.).
Generally speaking, search path name server timeouts can exceed 60 seconds
per element and most machines which consistently timeout on earlier portions
of a search path are effectively non-operational due to the imposed delays.
It is more important for DNS lookups to return the proper error code then
to be able to recover a valid lookup in later portions of the search path
in these situations.
Obtained from: DragonFly
MFC after: 3 weeks
on temporary nameserver failure. This is necessary to get
getipnodebyname(3) to correctly return h_errno=TRY_AGAIN instead
of HOST_NOT_FOUND.
Reviewed by: green, thomas
MFC after: 1 week
case where an /etc/nsswitch.conf file was present, but could not
be opened (e.g. due to permissions). Previously, the open failure
condition was suppressed, and the built-in defaults were used. In
revision 1.11, however, propagated the open failure causing all
nsdispatch() invocations to return NS_UNAVAIL, and thus many APIs
including getpwnam and gethostbyname unconditionally failed.
This commit restores the previous behavior.
Pointy hat: nectar (+1 for obstinance; ache had to use clue bat)
Reported by: ache
solved by a simple 'make world'. The signalcontext function was going
to the trouble of generating an even 16 byte alignment, but in fact it
needed to be odd aligned to simulate the 8-byte return address having
been pushed by the caller. This fixes yet another group of crashes in
applications using libpthread. And yet again, it was my fault all along.
While here, rename the duplicate internal ctx_wrapper() functions to
makectx_wrapper() and sigctx_wrapper() so that traces aren't ambiguous.
library, it may pull in that thread library at run time. If the
process started out single-threaded, this could cause attempts to
release locks that do not exist. Guard against this possibility by
checking __isthreaded before invoking thread primitives.
A similar problem remains if the process is linked against one thread
library, but the NSS module is linked against another. This can only
be avoided by careful design of the NSS module.
Submitted by: Sean McNeil <sean@mcneil.com> (mostly; bugs are mine)
ferror(), fileno() and clearerr(), using the value of __isthreaded to
decide between the fast inline single-threaded code and the more
general function equivalent. This gives most of the performance
benefits of the old unsafe macros while preserving thread safety.
structure and call stdio functions. In 5.X this was broken when FILE
locking was introduced into libc.
This change makes most (relevant) stdio functions work again when the
_extra file in FILE isn't initialised (and can't be without a libc
function to do it since the __sFILEX structure is private to libc).
cleanups, handling 'ls -l-', handling '--*'
Note this is in the same time back out of our v1.3
"Don't print an error message if the bad option is '?'"
because it directly violates POSIX.
that this provokes. "Wherever possible" means "In the kernel OR NOT
C++" (implying C).
There are places where (void *) pointers are not valid, such as for
function pointers, but in the special case of (void *)0, agreement
settles on it being OK.
Most of the fixes were NULL where an integer zero was needed; many
of the fixes were NULL where ascii <nul> ('\0') was needed, and a
few were just "other".
Tested on: i386 sparc64
