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317a38ab65
Some notable changes, from upstream's release notes: - sshd(8): Remove support for obsolete "host/port" syntax. - ssh(1): When prompting whether to record a new host key, accept the key fingerprint as a synonym for "yes". - ssh-keygen(1): when acting as a CA and signing certificates with an RSA key, default to using the rsa-sha2-512 signature algorithm. - ssh(1), sshd(8), ssh-keygen(1): this release removes the "ssh-rsa" (RSA/SHA1) algorithm from those accepted for certificate signatures. - ssh-sk-helper(8): this is a new binary. It is used by the FIDO/U2F support to provide address-space isolation for token middleware libraries (including the internal one). - ssh(1): this release enables UpdateHostkeys by default subject to some conservative preconditions. - scp(1): this release changes the behaviour of remote to remote copies (e.g. "scp host-a:/path host-b:") to transfer through the local host by default. - scp(1): experimental support for transfers using the SFTP protocol as a replacement for the venerable SCP/RCP protocol that it has traditionally used. Additional integration work is needed to support FIDO/U2F in the base system. Deprecation Notice ------------------ OpenSSH will disable the ssh-rsa signature scheme by default in the next release. Reviewed by: imp MFC after: 1 month Relnotes: Yes Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D29985 (cherry picked from commit19261079b7) (cherry picked from commitf448c3ed4a) (cherry picked from commit1f290c707a) (cherry picked from commit0f9bafdfc3) (cherry picked from commitadb56e58e8) (cherry picked from commit576b58108c) (cherry picked from commit1c99af1ebe) (cherry picked from commit87152f3405) (cherry picked from commit172fa4aa75)
262 lines
7.7 KiB
Groff
262 lines
7.7 KiB
Groff
.\" $OpenBSD: ssh-add.1,v 1.81 2020/07/14 23:57:01 djm Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
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.\" Copyright (c) 1995 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
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.\" All rights reserved
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.\"
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.\" As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
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.\" can be used freely for any purpose. Any derived versions of this
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.\" software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
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.\" incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
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.\" called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
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.\"
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1999,2000 Markus Friedl. All rights reserved.
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.\" Copyright (c) 1999 Aaron Campbell. All rights reserved.
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.\" Copyright (c) 1999 Theo de Raadt. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
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.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
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.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
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.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
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.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
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.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
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.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
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.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.Dd $Mdocdate: July 14 2020 $
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.Dt SSH-ADD 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm ssh-add
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.Nd adds private key identities to the OpenSSH authentication agent
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm ssh-add
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.Op Fl cDdKkLlqvXx
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.Op Fl E Ar fingerprint_hash
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.Op Fl S Ar provider
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.Op Fl t Ar life
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.Op Ar
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.Nm ssh-add
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.Fl s Ar pkcs11
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.Nm ssh-add
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.Fl e Ar pkcs11
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.Nm ssh-add
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.Fl T
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.Ar pubkey ...
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Nm
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adds private key identities to the authentication agent,
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.Xr ssh-agent 1 .
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When run without arguments, it adds the files
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.Pa ~/.ssh/id_rsa ,
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.Pa ~/.ssh/id_dsa ,
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.Pa ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa ,
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.Pa ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa_sk ,
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.Pa ~/.ssh/id_ed25519 ,
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and
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.Pa ~/.ssh/id_ed25519_sk .
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After loading a private key,
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.Nm
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will try to load corresponding certificate information from the
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filename obtained by appending
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.Pa -cert.pub
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to the name of the private key file.
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Alternative file names can be given on the command line.
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.Pp
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If any file requires a passphrase,
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.Nm
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asks for the passphrase from the user.
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The passphrase is read from the user's tty.
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.Nm
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retries the last passphrase if multiple identity files are given.
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.Pp
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The authentication agent must be running and the
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.Ev SSH_AUTH_SOCK
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environment variable must contain the name of its socket for
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.Nm
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to work.
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.Pp
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The options are as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width Ds
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.It Fl c
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Indicates that added identities should be subject to confirmation before
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being used for authentication.
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Confirmation is performed by
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.Xr ssh-askpass 1 .
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Successful confirmation is signaled by a zero exit status from
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.Xr ssh-askpass 1 ,
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rather than text entered into the requester.
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.It Fl D
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Deletes all identities from the agent.
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.It Fl d
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Instead of adding identities, removes identities from the agent.
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If
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.Nm
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has been run without arguments, the keys for the default identities and
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their corresponding certificates will be removed.
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Otherwise, the argument list will be interpreted as a list of paths to
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public key files to specify keys and certificates to be removed from the agent.
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If no public key is found at a given path,
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.Nm
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will append
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.Pa .pub
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and retry.
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If the argument list consists of
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.Dq -
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then
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.Nm
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will read public keys to be removed from standard input.
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.It Fl E Ar fingerprint_hash
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Specifies the hash algorithm used when displaying key fingerprints.
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Valid options are:
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.Dq md5
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and
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.Dq sha256 .
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The default is
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.Dq sha256 .
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.It Fl e Ar pkcs11
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Remove keys provided by the PKCS#11 shared library
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.Ar pkcs11 .
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.It Fl K
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Load resident keys from a FIDO authenticator.
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.It Fl k
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When loading keys into or deleting keys from the agent, process plain private
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keys only and skip certificates.
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.It Fl L
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Lists public key parameters of all identities currently represented
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by the agent.
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.It Fl l
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Lists fingerprints of all identities currently represented by the agent.
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.It Fl q
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Be quiet after a successful operation.
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.It Fl S Ar provider
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Specifies a path to a library that will be used when adding
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FIDO authenticator-hosted keys, overriding the default of using the
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internal USB HID support.
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.It Fl s Ar pkcs11
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Add keys provided by the PKCS#11 shared library
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.Ar pkcs11 .
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.It Fl T Ar pubkey ...
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Tests whether the private keys that correspond to the specified
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.Ar pubkey
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files are usable by performing sign and verify operations on each.
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.It Fl t Ar life
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Set a maximum lifetime when adding identities to an agent.
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The lifetime may be specified in seconds or in a time format
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specified in
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.Xr sshd_config 5 .
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.It Fl v
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Verbose mode.
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Causes
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.Nm
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to print debugging messages about its progress.
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This is helpful in debugging problems.
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Multiple
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.Fl v
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options increase the verbosity.
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The maximum is 3.
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.It Fl X
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Unlock the agent.
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.It Fl x
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Lock the agent with a password.
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.El
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.Sh ENVIRONMENT
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.Bl -tag -width Ds
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.It Ev "DISPLAY", "SSH_ASKPASS" and "SSH_ASKPASS_REQUIRE"
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If
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.Nm
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needs a passphrase, it will read the passphrase from the current
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terminal if it was run from a terminal.
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If
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.Nm
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does not have a terminal associated with it but
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.Ev DISPLAY
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and
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.Ev SSH_ASKPASS
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are set, it will execute the program specified by
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.Ev SSH_ASKPASS
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(by default
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.Dq ssh-askpass )
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and open an X11 window to read the passphrase.
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This is particularly useful when calling
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.Nm
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from a
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.Pa .xsession
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or related script.
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.Pp
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.Ev SSH_ASKPASS_REQUIRE
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allows further control over the use of an askpass program.
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If this variable is set to
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.Dq never
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then
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.Nm
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will never attempt to use one.
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If it is set to
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.Dq prefer ,
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then
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.Nm
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will prefer to use the askpass program instead of the TTY when requesting
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passwords.
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Finally, if the variable is set to
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.Dq force ,
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then the askpass program will be used for all passphrase input regardless
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of whether
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.Ev DISPLAY
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is set.
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.It Ev SSH_AUTH_SOCK
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Identifies the path of a
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.Ux Ns -domain
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socket used to communicate with the agent.
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.It Ev SSH_SK_PROVIDER
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Specifies a path to a library that will be used when loading any
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FIDO authenticator-hosted keys, overriding the default of using
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the built-in USB HID support.
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.El
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width Ds -compact
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.It Pa ~/.ssh/id_dsa
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.It Pa ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa
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.It Pa ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa_sk
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.It Pa ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
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.It Pa ~/.ssh/id_ed25519_sk
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.It Pa ~/.ssh/id_rsa
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Contains the DSA, ECDSA, authenticator-hosted ECDSA, Ed25519,
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authenticator-hosted Ed25519 or RSA authentication identity of the user.
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.El
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.Pp
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Identity files should not be readable by anyone but the user.
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Note that
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.Nm
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ignores identity files if they are accessible by others.
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.Sh EXIT STATUS
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Exit status is 0 on success, 1 if the specified command fails,
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and 2 if
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.Nm
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is unable to contact the authentication agent.
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr ssh 1 ,
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.Xr ssh-agent 1 ,
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.Xr ssh-askpass 1 ,
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.Xr ssh-keygen 1 ,
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.Xr sshd 8
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.Sh AUTHORS
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OpenSSH is a derivative of the original and free
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ssh 1.2.12 release by Tatu Ylonen.
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Aaron Campbell, Bob Beck, Markus Friedl, Niels Provos,
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Theo de Raadt and Dug Song
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removed many bugs, re-added newer features and
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created OpenSSH.
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Markus Friedl contributed the support for SSH
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protocol versions 1.5 and 2.0.
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