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Michael Paquier 04745ba9c7 Fix set of issues with extended statistics on expressions
This commit addresses two defects regarding extended statistics on
expressions:
- When building extended statistics in lookup_var_attr_stats(), the call
to examine_attribute() did not account for the possibility of a NULL
return value.  This can happen depending on the behavior of a typanalyze
callback — for example, if the callback returns false, if no rows are
sampled, or if no statistics are computed.  In such cases, the code
attempted to build MCV, dependency, and ndistinct statistics using a
NULL pointer, incorrectly assuming valid statistics were available,
which could lead to a server crash.
- When loading extended statistics for expressions,
statext_expressions_load() did not account for NULL entries in the
pg_statistic array storing expression statistics.  Such NULL entries can
be generated when statistics collection fails for an expression, as may
occur during the final step of serialize_expr_stats().  An extended
statistics object defining N expressions requires N corresponding
elements in the pg_statistic array stored for the expressions, and some
of these elements can be NULL.  This situation is reachable when a
typanalyze callback returns true, but sets stats_valid to indicate that
no useful statistics could be computed.

While these scenarios cannot occur with in-core typanalyze callbacks, as
far as I have analyzed, they can be triggered by custom data types with
custom typanalyze implementations, at least.

No tests are added in this commit.  A follow-up commit will introduce a
test module that can be extended to cover similar edge cases if
additional issues are discovered.  This takes care of the core of the
problem.

Attribute and relation statistics already offer similar protections:
- ANALYZE detects and skips the build of invalid statistics.
- Invalid catalog data is handled defensively when loading statistics.

This issue exists since the support for extended statistics on
expressions has been added, down to v14 as of a4d75c86bf.  Backpatch
to all supported stable branches.

Author: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz>
Reviewed-by: Corey Huinker <corey.huinker@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Chao Li <li.evan.chao@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/aaDrJsE1I5mrE-QF@paquier.xyz
Backpatch-through: 14
2026-03-02 09:38:44 +09:00
config Allow PG_PRINTF_ATTRIBUTE to be different in C and C++ code. 2026-02-25 11:57:26 -05:00
contrib postgres_fdw: Fix thinko in comment for UserMappingPasswordRequired(). 2026-02-27 17:05:04 +09:00
doc doc: Clarify INCLUDING COMMENTS behavior in CREATE TABLE LIKE. 2026-02-26 09:03:29 +09:00
src Fix set of issues with extended statistics on expressions 2026-03-02 09:38:44 +09:00
.abi-compliance-history Placate ABI checker. 2026-02-07 11:50:35 +13:00
.cirrus.star ci: Simplify ci-os-only handling 2025-08-14 12:03:27 -04:00
.cirrus.tasks.yml Fix typo 2026-01-07 15:49:00 +01:00
.cirrus.yml ci: Per-repo configuration for manually trigger tasks 2025-08-14 11:33:50 -04:00
.dir-locals.el Make Emacs perl-mode indent more like perltidy. 2019-01-13 11:32:31 -08:00
.editorconfig Add .editorconfig 2019-12-18 09:13:13 +01:00
.git-blame-ignore-revs Add previous commit to .git-blame-ignore-revs. 2025-10-21 10:02:19 -05:00
.gitattributes Fix git whitespace warning 2025-08-15 10:31:52 +02:00
.gitignore Update top-level .gitignore. 2022-12-04 15:23:00 -05:00
aclocal.m4 autoconf: Move export_dynamic determination to configure 2022-12-06 18:55:28 -08:00
configure Allow PG_PRINTF_ATTRIBUTE to be different in C and C++ code. 2026-02-25 11:57:26 -05:00
configure.ac Allow PG_PRINTF_ATTRIBUTE to be different in C and C++ code. 2026-02-25 11:57:26 -05:00
COPYRIGHT Update copyright for 2026 2026-01-01 13:24:10 -05:00
GNUmakefile.in Integrate pg_bsd_indent into our build/test infrastructure. 2023-02-12 12:22:21 -05:00
HISTORY Canonicalize some URLs 2020-02-10 20:47:50 +01:00
Makefile Dynamically find correct installation docs in Makefile. 2022-01-19 14:48:25 +01:00
meson.build Allow PG_PRINTF_ATTRIBUTE to be different in C and C++ code. 2026-02-25 11:57:26 -05:00
meson_options.txt meson: Attach colon to keyword argument 2023-06-29 12:53:41 +02:00
README Canonicalize some URLs 2020-02-10 20:47:50 +01:00
README.git Canonicalize some URLs 2020-02-10 20:47:50 +01:00

PostgreSQL Database Management System
=====================================

This directory contains the source code distribution of the PostgreSQL
database management system.

PostgreSQL is an advanced object-relational database management system
that supports an extended subset of the SQL standard, including
transactions, foreign keys, subqueries, triggers, user-defined types
and functions.  This distribution also contains C language bindings.

PostgreSQL has many language interfaces, many of which are listed here:

	https://www.postgresql.org/download/

See the file INSTALL for instructions on how to build and install
PostgreSQL.  That file also lists supported operating systems and
hardware platforms and contains information regarding any other
software packages that are required to build or run the PostgreSQL
system.  Copyright and license information can be found in the
file COPYRIGHT.  A comprehensive documentation set is included in this
distribution; it can be read as described in the installation
instructions.

The latest version of this software may be obtained at
https://www.postgresql.org/download/.  For more information look at our
web site located at https://www.postgresql.org/.